International Journal of Energy Research

Volume 23, Issue 13 pp. 1165-1175

Research Article

Effect of the equivalence ratio on the concentration of CH₄/NO₂/O₂ combustion products

A. A. Al-Farayedhi,

A. A. Al-Farayedhi

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia

Search for more papers by this author

M. A. Antar,

Corresponding Author

M. A. Antar

[email protected]

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaSearch for more papers by this author

A. Khan,

A. Khan

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia

Search for more papers by this author

A. A. Al-Farayedhi,

A. A. Al-Farayedhi

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia

Search for more papers by this author

M. A. Antar,

Corresponding Author

M. A. Antar

[email protected]

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi ArabiaSearch for more papers by this author

A. Khan,

A. Khan

Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia

Search for more papers by this author

First published: 29 November 1999

https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-114X(19991025)23:13<1165::AID-ER548>3.0.CO;2-K

Citations: 3

About

PDF

Tools

Share a link

Email
Wechat
Bluesky

Abstract

A chemical kinetic model for determining the mole fractions of stable and intermediate species for CH₄/NO₂/O₂ flames is developed. The model involves 30 different species in 101 chemical elementary reactions. The mole fractions of the species are plotted as a function of the distance from the surface of the burner. The effects of the equivalence ratio on the concentrations of CO, CO₂, N₂, NH₂, OH, H₂O, NO and NO₂ for lean CH₄/NO₂/O₂ flames in the post flame zone at 50 Torr are obtained. The flames are flat, laminar, one dimensional and premixed. The calculated concentration profiles as a function of the equivalence ratio and distance from the surface of the burner are compared with the experimental data. The comparison indicates that the kinetics of the flames are reasonably described by the developed model. The mole fraction of N₂, NH₂, OH, H₂O, CO₂ and CO increase while the mole fractions of NO and NO₂ decrease by increasing the equivalence ratio for lean flames. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

REFERENCES

Al-Farayedhi, A. A. (1987). ‘ Laser induced Fluorescence Measurements of CH, CN, HN, OH, and NH₂ Intermediates in CH₄/NO₂/O₂ and CH₂O/NO₂/O₂ Flames’, Ph.D. Thesis, Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder.
Google Scholar
Bittker, D. and Scullin, V. (1972). NASA Tech. Note TND-6586.
Google Scholar
Branch, M. C. (1984). ‘ Chemical kinetics of gas phase decomposition products of nitramine propellants’, Proc. 21st JANAF Combustion Meeting, Vol. 1, CPIA Pub. No. 421, pp. 409–415.
Google Scholar
Burcat, A. (1977). ‘Calculation of ignition delay times for methane–oxygen–nitrogen dioxide–argon flames’, Combust. Flame, 28, 319–325.
10.1016/0010-2180(77)90037-2
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
Cor, J. and Branch, M. C. (1995). ‘Structure and chemical kinetics of flames supported by solid propellant combustion’, J. Propulsion Power, 11, 704–716.
10.2514/3.23896
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
Dorko, E. A. et al. (1975). ‘Shock tube investigation of ignition in methane–oxygen–nitrogen dioxide–argon mixtures’, Combust. Flame, 24, 173–180.
10.1016/0010-2180(75)90145-5
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
Fifer, R. A. (1975). ‘ Modern developments in shock tube research’, in Proc. 10th Shock Tube Symp., (Goro. Kamimoto, Ed.), Shock Tube Research Society, Japan, International, p. 613.
Google Scholar
Gaydon, A. G. and Wolfhard, H. G. (1948). ‘ Spectroscopic studies of low pressure flames’, Third Symp. Combust., Flame and Explosion Phenomena, Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore. MD, pp. 504–518.
Google Scholar
Gore, J. P. and Zhan, N. J. (1996). ‘NO_x emission and major species concentrations in partially premixed laminar methane/air co-flow jet flames’, Combust. Flame, 105, 414–427.
10.1016/0010-2180(95)00177-8
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
Kaiser, E. W., Rothschild, W. G. and Lavoie, G. A. (1984). ‘Chemical species profiles of laminar propane-air flames’, Combust. Sci Technol., 41, 271–289.
10.1080/00102208408923835
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
Kee, R. J., Miller, J. A. and Jefferson, T. H. (1980). CHEMKIN: A General Purpose, Problem Independent, Transportable, Fortran Chemical Kinetic Code Package, SAND80-8003, Sandia National Laboratories, CA.
Google Scholar
Kee, R. J., Warnatz, J. and Miller, J. A. (1983). A Fortran Computer Program Package for the Evaluation of Gas-Phase Viscosities, Conductivities, and Diffusion Coefficients, SAND83-8209, Sandia National Laboratories, CA.
Google Scholar
Kee, R. J., Grcar, J. F., Smooke, M. D. and Miller, J. A. (1985). A Fortran Program for Modeling Steady Laminar One-Dimensional Premixed Flames, SAND85-8240, Sandia National Laboratories, CA.
Google Scholar
Kee, R. J., Rupley, F. M. and Miller, J. A. (1987). The Chemical Thermodynamic Data Base, SAND87-8215, Sandia National Laboratories, CA.
Google Scholar
Kubota, N. (1982). ‘ Physicochemical processes of HMX propellant combustion’, 19th Int. Symp. Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, pp. 777–785.
Google Scholar
Miller, E. and Setzer, H. J. (1957). ‘ Burning structure and stability of n-butane nitrogen dioxide flame in air’, Sixth Int. Symp. on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburg, p. 164.
Google Scholar
Myerson, A. L., Taylor, F. R. and Faunce, B. G. (1957). ‘ Ignition limit and production of multistage flames of propane nitrogen dioxide mixtures’, Sixth Int. Symp. on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburg, p. 154.
Google Scholar
Parker, W. G. and Wolfhard, H. G. (1953). ‘ Some characteristics of flames supported by NO and NO₂’, Fourth Int. Symp. on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburg, pp. 420–428.
Google Scholar
Parr, T. and Hanson-Parr, D. (1987). ‘ Species and temperature profiles in ignition and deflagration of HMX’, Spring Meeting, Western States Section, The Combustion Institute, Paper No. 87-8.
Google Scholar
Reisel, J. R. and Laurendeau, N. M. (1995). ‘Quantitative LIF measurements and modeling of nitric oxide in high-pressure C₂H₄/O₂/N₂flames’, Combust. Flame, 101, 141–152.
10.1016/0010-2180(94)00195-X
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
Ritchie, S. J., Thynell, S. T. and Kuo, K. K. (1997). ‘Modeling and experiments of laser-induced ignition of nitramine propellants’, J. Propulsion Power, 13(3), 367–374.
10.2514/2.5193
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
Sadeqi, M. (1987). ‘ Structure of Multiple Luminous Zones of Flames of Methane and Formaldehyde with Nitrogen Dioxide and Oxygen’, Ph.D. Thesis, Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder.
Google Scholar
Smith, O. I. and Thorne, L. R. (1986). ‘ The structure of cyanogen–nitrogen dioxide premixed flames’, Fall Meeting, Western State Section, The Combustion Institute, Paper No. 86-34.
Google Scholar
Thomas, J. H. (1952). ‘Gas phase reaction of nitrogen dioxide Part 1: oxidation of acetylene’, Trans. Faraday Soc., 48, 1142.
10.1039/tf9524801142
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
Thomas, J. H. (1953). ‘Gas phase reaction of nitrogen dioxide Part 2: oxidation of glyoxal’, Trans. Faraday Soc., 49, 630.
10.1039/tf9534900630
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
Thorne, L. R., Branch, M. C., Chandler, D. W., Kee, R. J. and Miller, J. A. (1986). ‘ Hydrocarbon/nitric oxide interactions in low-pressure flames’, Spring Meeting, Western States Section, The Combustion Institute, WSS/CI, 86-92.
Google Scholar
Williams, B. A., Fleming, J. W. and Zabarnick, S. (1994). ‘A comment on laser-induced fluorescence diagnostics and chemical kinetic modeling of a CH₄/NO₂/O₂ flame at 55 Torr by Zabarnick’, Combust. Flame, 98, 309–311.
10.1016/0010-2180(94)90244-5
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
Zabarnick, S. (1991). ‘Laser-induced fluorescence diagnostics and chemical kinetic modeling of a CH₄/NO₂/O₂ flame at 55 Torr’, Combust. Flame, 85, 27–50.
10.1016/0010-2180(91)90175-B
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar

Citing Literature

All articles

Effect of the equivalence ratio on the concentration of CH₄/NO₂/O₂ combustion products

Abstract

REFERENCES

Citing Literature

References

Information

About Wiley Online Library

Help & Support

Opportunities

Connect with Wiley

Effect of the equivalence ratio on the concentration of CH4/NO2/O2 combustion products

Abstract

REFERENCES

Citing Literature

References

Related

Information

Effect of the equivalence ratio on the concentration of CH₄/NO₂/O₂ combustion products