BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR: COGNITIVE AND NEURAL MECHANISMS OF EPISODIC MEMORY
Howard Eichenbaum,
Norbert J. Fortin,
Corresponding Author
Howard Eichenbaum
BOSTON UNIVERSITY
Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, 2 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorHoward Eichenbaum,
Norbert J. Fortin,
Corresponding Author
Howard Eichenbaum
BOSTON UNIVERSITY
Center for Memory and Brain, Boston University, 2 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215 (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The notion that non-human animals are capable of episodic memory is highly controversial. Here, we review recent behavioral work from our laboratory showing that the fundamental features of episodic memory can be observed in rats and that, as in humans, this capacity relies on the hippocampus. We also discuss electrophysiological evidence, from our laboratory and that of others, pointing to associative and sequential coding in hippocampal cells as potential neural mechanisms underlying episodic memory.
REFERENCES
- Aristotle (1931). De memoria et reminiscentia (J. I. Beare, Trans.). In W. D. Ross (Ed.), The works of Aristotle (Vol. 3, pp. 449b–453b). Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Clayton, N. S., & Dickinson, A. (1998). Episodic-like memory during cache recovery by scrub jays. Nature, 395, 272–274.
- Eichenbaum, H., Dudchenko, P. A., Wood, E. R., Shapiro, M. L., & Tanila, H. (1999). The hippocampus, memory, and place cells: Is it spatial memory or a memory space? Neuron, 23, 209–226.
- Eichenbaum, H., & Fortin, N. J. (2003). Episodic memory and the hippocampus: It's about time. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 53–57.
- Ekstrom, A. D., Kahana, M. J., Caplan, J. B., Fields, T. A., Isham, E. A., Newman, E. L., & Fried, I. (2003). Cellular networks underlying human spatial navigation. Nature, 425, 184–187.
- Ferbinteanu, J., & Shapiro, M. L. (2003). Prospective and retrospective memory coding in the hippocampus. Neuron, 40, 1227–1239.
- Fortin, N. J., Agster, K. L., & Eichenbaum, H. (2002). Critical role of the hippocampus in memory for sequences of events. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 458–462.
- Fortin, N. J., Wright, S. P., & Eichenbaum, H. (2004). Recollection-like memory retrieval in rats is dependent on the hippocampus. Nature, 431, 188–191.
- Frank, L. M., Brown, E. N., & Wilson, M. (2000). Trajectory encoding in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Neuron, 27, 169–178.
- Kesner, R. P., Gilbert, P. E., & Barua, L. A. (2002). The role of the hippocampus in memory for the temporal order of a sequence of odors. Behavioral Neuroscience, 116, 286–290.
- Lee, A. K., & Wilson, M. A. (2002). Memory of sequential experience in the hippocampus during slow wave sleep. Neuron, 36, 1183–1194.
-
Levy, W. B. (1989). A computational approach to hippocampal function. In R. D. Hawkins &
G. H. Bower (Eds.), Computational models of learning in simple systems (pp. 243–305). New York: Academic Press.
10.1016/S0079-7421(08)60113-9 Google Scholar
- Lisman, J. E. (1999). Relating hippocampal circuitry to function: Recall of memory sequences by reciprocal dentate—CA3 interactions. Neuron, 22, 233–242.
- Louie, K., & Wilson, M. A. (2001). Temporally structured replay of awake hippocampal ensemble activity during rapid eye movement sleep. Neuron, 29, 145–156.
- Moita, M. A. P., Rosis, S., Zhou, Y., LeDoux, J. E., & Blair, H. T. (2003). Hippocampal place cells acquire location specific responses to the conditioned stimulus during auditory fear conditioning. Neuron, 37, 485–497.
- Morris, R. G., & Frey, U. (1997). Hippocampal synaptic plasticity: Role in spatial learning or the automatic recording of attended experience? Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B: Biological Sciences, 352, 1489–1503.
- Nadasdy, Z., Hirase, H., Czurko, A., Csicsvari, J., & Buzsaki, G. (1999). Replay and time compression of recurring spike sequences in the hippocampus. Journal of Neuroscience, 19, 9497–9507.
- O'Keefe, J., & Nadel, L. (1978). The hippocampus as a cognitive map. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Olton, D. S. (1984). Comparative analyses of episodic memory. Brain and Behavioral Sciences, 7, 250–251.
- Olton, D. S. (1986). Hippocampal function and memory for temporal context. In R. L. Isaacson & K. H. Pribram (Eds.), The Hippocampus: Volume 4. New York: Plenum Press.
- Roberts, W. A. (2002). Are animals stuck in time? Psychological Bulletin, 128, 473–489.
-
Small, W. S. (1901). Experimental study of the mental processes of the rat II.
American Journal of Psychology, 12, 206–239.
10.2307/1412534 Google Scholar
- Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. In E. Tulving & W. Donaldson (Eds.), Organization of memory (pp. 381–403). New York: Academic Press.
- Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of episodic memory. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
- Tulving, E. (2002). Episodic memory: From mind to brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 1–25.
- Wallenstein, G. V., Eichenbaum, H., & Hasselmo, M. E. (1998). The hippocampus as an associator of discontiguous events. Trends in Neurosciences, 21, 315–365.
- Whishaw, I. Q., & Wallace, D. G. (2003). On the origins of autobiographical memory. Behavioural Brain Research, 138, 113–119.
- Wirth, S., Yanike, M., Frank, L. M., Smith, A. C., Brown, E. N., & Suzuki, W. A. (2003, June 6). Single neurons in the monkey hippocampus and learning of new associations. Science, 300, 1578–1581.
- Wood, E. R., Dudchenko, P. A., & Eichenbaum, H. (1999). The global record of memory in hippocampal neuronal activity. Nature, 397, 613–616.
- Wood, E. R., Dudchenko, P., Robitsek, J. R., & Eichenbaum, H. (2000). Hippocampal neurons encode information about different types of memory episodes occurring in the same location. Neuron, 27, 623–633.
- Yanike, M., Wirth, S., & Suzuki, W. A. (2004). Representations of well-learned information in the monkey hippocampus. Neuron, 42, 477–487.
- Yonelinas, A. P. (2001). Components of episodic memory: The contribution of recollection and familiarity. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences, 356, 1363–1374.
- Yonelinas, A. P. (2002). The nature of recollection and familiarity: A review of 30 years of research. Journal of Memory and Language, 46, 441–517.
- Yonelinas, A. P., Kroll, N. E., Dobbins, I., Lazzara, M., & Knight, R. T. (1998). Recollection and familiarity deficits in amnesia: convergence of remember—know, process dissociation, and receiver operating characteristic data. Neuropsychology, 12, 323–339.
- Yonelinas, A. P., Kroll, N. E., Quamme, J. R., Lazzara, M. M., Sauve, M. J., Widaman, K. F., & Knight, R. T. (2002). Effects of extensive temporal lobe damage or mild hypoxia on recollection and familiarity. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 1236–1241.