In-vitro activity of S. lavandulaefolia (Spanish sage) relevant to treatment of Alzheimer's disease
Nicolette S. L. Perry
Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NN, UK
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Peter J. Houghton
Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NN, UK
Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London. SE1 9NN, UK. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJulia Sampson
Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NN, UK
Search for more papers by this authorAnthony E. Theobald
Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NN, UK
Search for more papers by this authorStephen Hart
G. K. T. Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London, SE1 1U2, UK
Search for more papers by this authorMaria Lis-Balchin
School of Applied Science, South Bank University, Southwark Campus, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, UK
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Robin S. Hoult
G. K. T. Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London, SE1 1U2, UK
Search for more papers by this authorPatricia Evans
G. K. T. Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London, SE1 1U2, UK
Search for more papers by this authorPeter Jenner
G. K. T. Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London, SE1 1U2, UK
Search for more papers by this authorStuart Milligan
G.K.T. Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology and Reproduction, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London, SE1 1U2, UK
Search for more papers by this authorElaine K. Perry
MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 6BE, UK
Search for more papers by this authorNicolette S. L. Perry
Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NN, UK
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Peter J. Houghton
Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NN, UK
Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London. SE1 9NN, UK. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorJulia Sampson
Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NN, UK
Search for more papers by this authorAnthony E. Theobald
Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NN, UK
Search for more papers by this authorStephen Hart
G. K. T. Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London, SE1 1U2, UK
Search for more papers by this authorMaria Lis-Balchin
School of Applied Science, South Bank University, Southwark Campus, 103 Borough Road, London, SE1 0AA, UK
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Robin S. Hoult
G. K. T. Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London, SE1 1U2, UK
Search for more papers by this authorPatricia Evans
G. K. T. Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London, SE1 1U2, UK
Search for more papers by this authorPeter Jenner
G. K. T. Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London, SE1 1U2, UK
Search for more papers by this authorStuart Milligan
G.K.T. Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Division of Endocrinology and Reproduction, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London, SE1 1U2, UK
Search for more papers by this authorElaine K. Perry
MRC Neurochemical Pathology Unit, Newcastle General Hospital, Westgate Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE4 6BE, UK
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Salvia lavandulaefolia Vahl. (Spanish sage) essential oil and individual monoterpenoid constituents have been shown to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase in-vitro and in-vivo. This activity is relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, since anticholinesterase drugs are currently the only drugs available to treat Alzheimer's disease. Other activities relevant to Alzheimer's disease include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and estrogenic effects. Results of in-vitro tests for these activities are reported here for S. lavandulaefolia extracts, the essential oil and its major constituents. Antioxidant activity (inhibition of bovine brain liposome peroxidation) was found in the EtOH extract of the dried herb (5 mg mL−1) and the monoterpenoids (0.1 M) α- and β-pinene and 1,8-cineole. Thujone and geraniol had lower antioxidant effects, while camphor had no antioxidant effects. Possible anti-inflammatory activity (eicosanoid inhibition in rat leucocytes) was found in the EtOH extract (50 μg mL−1) and was shown by the monoterpenoids α-pinene and geraniol (0.2 mM), but not 1,8-cineole, thujone or camphor. Possible estrogenic activity (via induction of β-galactosidase activity in yeast cells) was found in the essential oil (0.01 mg mL−1) and the monoterpenoid geraniol (0.1–2 mM). 1,8-Cineole, α- and β-pinene and thujone did not exhibit estrogenic activity in this analysis. These results demonstrate that S. lavandulaefolia, its essential oil and some chemical constituents have properties relevant to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and provide further data supporting the value of carrying out clinical studies in patients with Alzheimer's disease using this plant species.
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