Corrigendum to “The Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”
First published: 04 February 2023
In the article titled “The Efficacy and Safety of Acupuncture for the Treatment of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” [1], the authors wish to correct six errors in the countries listed in Table 1. The revised Table 1 is as follows:
| Study (reference) | Country | Sample size (A)/(B) | Mean age | Gender (M : F) | Diagnostic criteria | (A) Experimental intervention | (B) Control intervention | Acupuncture points | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allam [25] | Egypt | 10/10 | 5.5 ± 1.22 y |
|
DSM-IV ADI-R CARS ≥30 | MA + (B) | Language therapy | GV20, GV26, GV17, 3 temple needles, YNSA cerebrum, and aphasia points | Arabic language test |
| Chen [26] | China | 30/30 | 5.06 ± 1.32 y | 36 : 24 | CCMD-3 | MA + (B) | Cognitive behavior rehabilitation training | GV20, GV24, EX-HN3, HT7, SP6, HI3, head Anmian point | CSHQ, TER (CSHQ), PTQ |
| Fan [27] | China | 38/38 |
|
|
NR | MA | Language therapy, guided education, cooperative exchanges, music therapy | Jin’s three needles (Sishenzhen, Zhisanzhen, Naosanzhen, Niesanzhen, Shouzhizhen, Zuzhizhen, Shesanzhen, Xingshenzhen) | CARS, TER (language ability) |
| Gao [28] | China | 50/50 |
|
|
WHO | MA | Physical therapy, cognitive education, language education, behavior modification | Jin’s three needles (Sishenzhen, Naosanzhen, Niesanzhen, Zuonieshangsanzhen, Dingshenzhen, Xingshenzhen, Shouzhizhen, Zuzhizhen, Shesanzhen) | PEP |
| He [29] | China | 30/30 |
|
|
DSM-IV ICD-10 CCMD-2R | EA + MA + (B) | Verbal communication training, social communication training, self-care training, cognitive training, motion training | EA (EX-HN1, EX-HN3, PC6, HT7, SP6, KI3), MA (LR3, AT3, TF4) | ABC2, CARS, ATEC |
| Li [30] | China | 30/40 | NR |
|
DSM-IV CCMD | EA + (B) | Music therapy and structured teaching | Scalp points (Zhijiuzhen, emotional zone, heart, and liver zone) | Clancy autism behavior scale, CARS, ABC1, GDS |
| Li [31] | China | 19/19 | 42.75 ± 2.5 m | 36 : 2 | DSM-IV | MA + (B) | Behavioral educational intervention | Tongue points (Naozhongxue, Naoshuxue, Naoyuanxue, Bizhongxue) | PEP-revised |
| Li [32] | China | 53/53 | 5.1 ± 3.9 y | 82 : 24 | NR | MA + (B) | Intensive therapy, game therapy, sensory integration training | Jin’s three needle (Shesanzhen, Zuzhizhen, Shouzhizhen, Xingshenzhen, Zhisanzhen, Naosanzhen, Niesanzhen, Dingshenzhen, Sishenzhen) | CARS, ABC1 |
| Liao [33] | China | 30/30 |
|
|
NR | MA + (B) | ABA, language cognitive therapy, sensory integration training | Scalp temporal, frontal, suboccipital, occipital region | CARS, TER (CARS) |
| Liu [34] | China | 33/34 | 5.41 y | 60 : 7 | DSM-IV | MA | Sensory integration training | Jin’s three needles (Sishenzhen, Niesanzhen, Zhisanzhen, Naosanzhen, Shesanzhen, Shouzhizhen, Zuzhizhen, Siguanxue), Siguan | ABC1, CARS |
| Sun [35] | China | 42/42 |
|
|
DSM-IV | EA + (B) | Behavior therapy, sensory integration training | Tongue points (Naozhongxue, Naoshuxue, Naoyuanxue, Bizhongxue) | CARS, TER (CARS) |
| Tang [36] | China | 20/18/18 |
|
|
DSM-IV CCMD-2R CARS 36-41 | (A1) doing (B) during retention of MA (A2) MA after (B) | Educational training, behavior modification, sensory integration training, language therapy | Scalp areas according to symptoms | CARS, TER (CARS) |
| Wang [37] | China | 30/30 | NR |
|
ICD-10 CCMD-3 | EA + (B) | Behavior therapy | GV20, EX-HN1, GV24, GB13, EX-HN3, GV17, GB19, PC6, scalp speech area 1, 2, 3 | Social adaptive quotient, TER (social adaptive quotient) |
| Wang [38] | China | 30/30 |
|
|
ICD-10 CCMD-3 | EA + (B) | Sensory integration training, auditory integration training, language therapy | GV20, EX-HN1, GV24, GB13, EX-HN3, GV17, GB19, PC6, scalp speech area 1, 2, 3 | ABC1, TER (ABC1), PPVT |
| Wang [39] | China | 32/30 |
|
|
NR | MA | Language therapy, guided education, ABA, music therapy | Jin’s three needles (Sishenzhen, Zhisanzhen, Naosanzhen, Niesanzhen, Shouzhizhen, Zuzhizhen, Shesanzhen, Xingshenzhen) | CARS, TER (language ability) |
| Wong [40] | China | 18/18 |
|
|
DSM-IV ADI-R ADOS | EA + MA + (B) | Conventional educational program | EA (GV20, EX-HN3, HT7, SP6), MA (AT3) | ADOS, ABC2, ATEC, RFRLRS, WeeFIM, CGI, SPT |
| Wong [41] | China | 30/25 |
|
|
DSM-IV ADI-R ADOS | EA, conventional educational program | Sham EA, conventional educational program | EX-HN1, EX-HN3, PC6, HT7, LR3, SP6, AT3, TF4 | WeeFIM, PEDI, Leiter-R, CGI, ABC2, RFRLRS, RDLS, A standardized parental report |
| Wong [42] | China | 25/25 |
|
|
DSM-IV ADI-R CARS ≥30 | MA, conventional educational and behavior model | Sham MA, conventional educational and behavior model | Tongue points (Runze, Guangzhou, Tianmen, Diyou) | GMDS, RFRLRS, RDLS, SPT, WeeFIM |
| Wong [43] | China | 16/11 (12/9) |
|
|
DSM-IV ADI-R CARS ≥30 | MA + (B) | Conventional educational and behavior model | Tongue points (Runze, Guangzhou, Tianmen, Diyou) | ATEC, RDLS, SPT, WeeFIM, CGI, Cerebral FDG metabolism by PET |
| Wu [44] | China | 40/40 |
|
|
DSM-5 | MA | Conventional intervention | Jin’s three needles (NR) | Functional development scale |
| Xiong [45] | China | 32/32 |
|
|
CCMD-3 | MA + (B) | Educational training, sensory training, behavior modification, language therapy | Scalp frontal, temporal, occipital, suboccipital, and parietal regions | CARS |
| Yang [46] | China | 20/20 |
|
|
DSM-IV | MA | Behavior therapy, sensory integration training | Jin’s three needles (Sishenzhen, Dingshenzhen, Zhisanzhen, Yansanzhen, Naosanzhen, Shesanzhen, Shousanzhen, Shouzhizhen, Zusanzhen, Zuzhizhen), CV12, CV4, CV6, GV14, BL20, GV4 | CARS, TER (CARS), EEG, attention value |
| Zeng [47] | China | 30/25 |
|
|
ICD-10 | MA + (B) | ABA, TEACCH, PCI, sensory integration training, auditory integration training, language cognitive therapy | Jin’s three needles (Sishenzhen, Naosanzhen, Niesanzhen, Zhisanzhen, Shesanzhen, Dingshenzhen, Shouzhizhen, Zuzhizhen) | TER (CARS), TER (PEP) |
| Zeng [48] | China | 60/25 |
|
|
ICD-10 | MA + (B) | ABA, TEACCH, PCI, sensory integration training, language cognitive therapy, music therapy | Jin’s three needles (Naosanzhen, Niesanzhen, Zhisanzhen, Shesanzhen, Dingshenzhen, Shouzhizhen, Zuzhizhen) | TER (CARS), TER (PEP3) |
| Zhao [49] | China | 30/30 | NR | NR | ICD-10 | EA + (B) | Special education |
|
ABC1, TER (ABC1) |
| Zhao [50] | China | 35/30 |
|
|
DSM-IV ICD-10 | MA + (B) | Risperidone 0.5–2 mg/d | Jin’s three needles (Dingshenzhen, Zhisanzhen, Sishenzhen, Niesanzhen), GV17, transport point mainly pericardium, heart, or liver meridian | TER (Improvement of abnormal behavior) |
| Zhen [51] | China |
|
|
|
DSM-IV | MA + (B) | Speech training and structured teaching | Jin’s three needles (Esanzhen, Niesanzhen, Zhensanzhen), EX-HN1 | PEP-3 |
- ABA, applied behavior analysis; ABC1, autism behavior checklist; ABC2, aberrant behavior checklist; ADI-R, autism diagnostic interview-revised; ADOS, autism diagnostic observation scale; ATEC, autism treatment evaluation checklist; CARS, childhood autism rating scale; CCMD, Chinese classification of mental disorder; CGI, clinical global impression; CSHQ, children’s sleep habits questionnaire; DSM, diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders; EA, electroacupuncture; EEG, electroencephalography; FDG, fluorodeoxyglucose; GDS, gesell developmental schedules; GMDS, griffiths mental developmental scale; ICD, international classification of diseases; MA, manual acupuncture; NR, not recorded; PCI, play and cultural intervention; PEDI, pediatric evaluation of disability inventory; PEP, psychoeducational profile; PET, positron emission tomography; PPVT, peabody picture and vocabulary test; PTQ, parent temperament questionnaire; RDLS, reynell developmental language scales; RFRLRS, ritvo-freeman real life rating scale; SPT, symbolic play test; TEACCH, treatment and education of autistic and related communication handicapped children; TER, total effective rate; WeeFIM, functional independence measure for children; WHO, World Health Organization; YNSA, Yamamoto new scalp acupuncture. aCrossover trial. The rest are parallel studies.
