Shoulder internal and external rotation strength and prediction of subsequent injury in water-polo players
Corresponding Author
Andrea H. Hams
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Centre of Excellence, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
School of Allied Health Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Correspondence
Andrea H. Hams, Griffith University, PO Box 36, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorKerrie Evans
Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorRoger Adams
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorGordon Waddington
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorJeremy Witchalls
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Andrea H. Hams
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Centre of Excellence, Queensland Academy of Sport, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
School of Allied Health Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Correspondence
Andrea H. Hams, Griffith University, PO Box 36, Gold Coast, Qld 4222, Australia.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorKerrie Evans
Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorRoger Adams
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorGordon Waddington
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorJeremy Witchalls
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Water-polo players have greater isokinetic shoulder strength than age-matched controls. Due to the repetitive demands of throwing, however, water-polo players demonstrate an altered strength ratio, with greater internal rotation (IR) strength relative to external rotation (ER). The relationship between shoulder strength and risk of shoulder injury is unknown. In addition, the effect on test position for strength testing on the reliability of handheld dynamometry (HHD) in this population is not known. The aims were to determine the: (a) Inter-rater reliability of HHD testing of IR and ER strength in two positions: neutral and 90°abduction-90°ER (90-90) and (b) relationship between preseason shoulder strength and occurrence of future injury in sub-elite water-polo players. Two assessors measured shoulder IR and ER strength using HHD in 15 water-polo players across two testing days. Athletes were followed over a 6-month period, and injury was assessed and recorded by the team physiotherapist. Measurement of water-polo players' isometric IR and ER strength in the clinical setting had good to excellent inter-rater reliability; however, systematic error was observed in the neutral position but not the 90-90 position. Irrespective of testing position, the neutral and 90-90 test position showed a significant difference (P = 0.01) in absolute preseason IR and ER mean strength between prospectively injured and non-injured players. There was no significant difference in strength ratio or strength normalized for body mass index. These results suggest that preseason strength testing may help identify players at risk of in-season shoulder injury.
Supporting Information
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