No simple answers for the Finnish and Russian Karelia allergy contrast: Methylation of CD14 gene
Corresponding Author
Siew-Kim Khoo
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Correspondence
Guicheng Zhang, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent St Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
Tel.: 61-892663226
Fax: 61-893882097
E-mail: [email protected]
and
Siew-Kim Khoo, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, WA 6840, Australia
Tel.: 61-894897875
Fax: 61-893882097
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMika Mäkelä
Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Chandler
Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd, Perth, WA, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorEn Nee Schultz
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorSarra E. Jamieson
Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorJack Goldblatt
Genetic Services & Familial Cancer Program of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Perth, WA, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorTari Haahtela
Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorPeter LeSouëf
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Guicheng Zhang
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Curtin University and the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Correspondence
Guicheng Zhang, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent St Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
Tel.: 61-892663226
Fax: 61-893882097
E-mail: [email protected]
and
Siew-Kim Khoo, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, WA 6840, Australia
Tel.: 61-894897875
Fax: 61-893882097
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Siew-Kim Khoo
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Correspondence
Guicheng Zhang, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent St Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
Tel.: 61-892663226
Fax: 61-893882097
E-mail: [email protected]
and
Siew-Kim Khoo, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, WA 6840, Australia
Tel.: 61-894897875
Fax: 61-893882097
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMika Mäkelä
Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Chandler
Australian Genome Research Facility Ltd, Perth, WA, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorEn Nee Schultz
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorSarra E. Jamieson
Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorJack Goldblatt
Genetic Services & Familial Cancer Program of Western Australia, King Edward Memorial Hospital for Women, Perth, WA, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorTari Haahtela
Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorPeter LeSouëf
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Guicheng Zhang
School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Telethon Kids Institute, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, Curtin University and the University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Correspondence
Guicheng Zhang, School of Public Health, Curtin University, Kent St Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
Tel.: 61-892663226
Fax: 61-893882097
E-mail: [email protected]
and
Siew-Kim Khoo, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, GPO Box D184, Perth, WA 6840, Australia
Tel.: 61-894897875
Fax: 61-893882097
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Background
Finnish and Russian Karelian children have a highly contrasting occurrence of asthma and allergy. In these two environments, we studied associations between total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) with methylation levels in cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14).
Methods
Five hundred Finnish and Russian Karelian children were included in four groups: Finnish children with high IgE (n = 126) and low IgE (n = 124) as well as Russian children with high IgE (n = 125) and low IgE (n = 125). DNA was extracted from whole blood cells and pyrosequenced. Three CpG sites were selected in the promoter region of CD14.
Results
Methylation levels in two of the three CpG sites were higher in the Finnish compared to Russian Karelian children. In the promoter area of CD14, the Finnish compared to Russian children with low IgE had a significant (p < 0.0001) increase in methylation levels at the Amp5Site 2. Likewise, the Finnish compared to Russian children with high IgE had a significant (p = 0.003) increase in methylation levels at the Amp5Site 3. In Russian children with low vs. high IgE, there were significant differences in methylation levels, but this was not the case on the Finnish side. In the regression analysis, adding the methylation variation of CD14 to the model did not explain the higher asthma and allergy risk in the Finnish children.
Conclusions
The methylation levels in the promoter region of CD14 gene were higher in the Finnish compared to Russian Karelian children. However, the methylation variation of this candidate gene did not explain the asthma and allergy contrast between these two areas.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| pai12612-sup-0001-TableS1-S5.docxWord document, 21 KB |
Table S1. PCR and sequencing primer sequences for pyrosequencing assays Table S2. Primer sequences for pyrosequencing assays. Table S3. Odds ratios of Finnish vs. Russian (Fin/Rus) environment for asthmatic/allergic conditions in Karelian children. Table S4. The comparison of the results in the whole population and the half of the population in Russian and Finnish children*. Table S5. The comparison of the results in the whole population and the half of the population in children with low and high total serum IgE*. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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