World Workshop on Oral Medicine VII: Burning mouth syndrome: A systematic review of disease definitions and diagnostic criteria utilized in randomized clinical trials
Anura Ariyawardana
College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
Clinical Principal Dentist, Metro South Oral Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Indicates co-first authors.Search for more papers by this authorMilda Chmieliauskaite
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Indicates co-first authors.Search for more papers by this authorArwa M. Farag
Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Tufts School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
Search for more papers by this authorRui Albuquerque
Oral Medicine Department, Guy's and St Thomas Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King's college London, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorHeli Forssell
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorCibele Nasri-Heir
Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Center for Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersy
Search for more papers by this authorGary D. Klasser
Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
Search for more papers by this authorAndrea Sardella
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Gerodontology, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorMichele D. Mignogna
Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorMark Ingram
Medical Center Library, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Search for more papers by this authorCharles R. Carlson
Department of Psychology, College of Art & Sciences, College of Dentistry, Orofacial Pain Clinic, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Craig S. Miller
Department of Oral Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Correspondence
Craig S. Miller, Department of Oral Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAnura Ariyawardana
College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
Clinical Principal Dentist, Metro South Oral Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Indicates co-first authors.Search for more papers by this authorMilda Chmieliauskaite
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Indicates co-first authors.Search for more papers by this authorArwa M. Farag
Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Tufts School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
Search for more papers by this authorRui Albuquerque
Oral Medicine Department, Guy's and St Thomas Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, King's college London, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorHeli Forssell
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorCibele Nasri-Heir
Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Center for Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersy
Search for more papers by this authorGary D. Klasser
Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
Search for more papers by this authorAndrea Sardella
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Gerodontology, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorMichele D. Mignogna
Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorMark Ingram
Medical Center Library, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Search for more papers by this authorCharles R. Carlson
Department of Psychology, College of Art & Sciences, College of Dentistry, Orofacial Pain Clinic, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Craig S. Miller
Department of Oral Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
Correspondence
Craig S. Miller, Department of Oral Health Practice, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Objective
To conduct a systematic review analyzing disease definitions and diagnostic criteria used in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving burning mouth syndrome (BMS).
Methods
A systematic search conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database/Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar that included RCTs on BMS published between 1994 and 2017 was performed.
Results
Considerable variability in BMS disease definitions and diagnostic criteria used created substantial heterogeneity in the selection of participants and weakened the rigor of the 36 RCTs identified. The analyzed RCTs routinely under-reported the methods used to rule in or out study participants and the number of individuals excluded from BMS RCTs.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that a large proportion of participants enrolled in these studies may have had an underlying condition that could have explained their BMS symptoms. Thus, outcomes of therapeutic interventions from these BMS RCTs should be interpreted with caution due to heterogeneous disease definitions and diagnostic criteria. In order to improve the quality of clinical trials, future research should focus on establishing consensus for a single definition of BMS that includes specific inclusion and exclusion criteria that should be used to select study participants for clinical trials.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Supporting Information
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Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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