Facial and ocular thermal mapping in black-and-gold howler monkey (Alouatta caraya) by infrared thermography: An ex situ study
Corresponding Author
André Luiz Mota da Costa
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
Correspondence
André Luiz Mota da Costa, Zoológico de Sorocaba, Rua Teodoro Kaisel 883, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMaraya Lincoln Silva
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorMayara Grego Caiaffa
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorFlora Nogueira Matos
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorCássia Regina Ramos Gonzaga
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorShamira de Fátima Sallum Leandro
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorMarina Alvarado de Medeiros
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorRodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
Universidade de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorCarlos Roberto Teixeira
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
André Luiz Mota da Costa
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
Correspondence
André Luiz Mota da Costa, Zoológico de Sorocaba, Rua Teodoro Kaisel 883, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMaraya Lincoln Silva
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorMayara Grego Caiaffa
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorFlora Nogueira Matos
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorCássia Regina Ramos Gonzaga
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorShamira de Fátima Sallum Leandro
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorMarina Alvarado de Medeiros
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorRodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira
Zoológico de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
Universidade de Sorocaba, Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorCarlos Roberto Teixeira
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Animais Selvagens, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Background
This study used infrared thermography (IRT) for mapping the facial and ocular temperatures of howler monkeys, to determine parameters for the diagnosis of febrile processes. There are no published IRT study in this species.
Methods
Were evaluated images of a group of monkeys kept under human care at Sorocaba Zoo (São Paulo, Brazil). The images were recorded during 1 year, in all seasons. Face and eye temperatures were evaluated.
Results
There are statistically significant differences in face and eye temperatures. Mean values and standard deviations for facial and ocular temperature were respectively: 33.0°C (2.1) and 36.5°C (1.9) in the summer; 31.5°C (4.5) and 35.3°C (3.6) in the autumn; 30.0°C (4.3) and 35.6°C (3.9) in the winter; 30.8°C (2.9) and 35.5°C (2.1) in the spring.
Conclusions
The IRT was effective to establish a parameter for facial and ocular temperatures of black-and-gold howler monkeys kept under human care.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest related to this article.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
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