Hormone-related events and periodontitis in women
Corresponding Author
Mario Romandini
Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
Department of Periodontology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
Correspondence
Mario Romandini, Giovanni XXIII Square, 24, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
Email: [email protected]
Hye-Sun Shin, Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Sunmoon University, 70, Sunmoon-ro 22, Tanjeong-Myeon, Asan, Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hye-Sun Shin
Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Sciences, Sunmoon University, Asan, Korea
Correspondence
Mario Romandini, Giovanni XXIII Square, 24, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
Email: [email protected]
Hye-Sun Shin, Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Sunmoon University, 70, Sunmoon-ro 22, Tanjeong-Myeon, Asan, Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorPierluigi Romandini
Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorAndreina Laforí
Department of Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Policlinico “Umberto I” – “G. Eastman” Section, Rome, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorMassimo Cordaro
Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Mario Romandini
Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
Department of Periodontology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
Correspondence
Mario Romandini, Giovanni XXIII Square, 24, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
Email: [email protected]
Hye-Sun Shin, Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Sunmoon University, 70, Sunmoon-ro 22, Tanjeong-Myeon, Asan, Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hye-Sun Shin
Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Sciences, Sunmoon University, Asan, Korea
Correspondence
Mario Romandini, Giovanni XXIII Square, 24, 74123 Taranto, Italy.
Email: [email protected]
Hye-Sun Shin, Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Science, Sunmoon University, 70, Sunmoon-ro 22, Tanjeong-Myeon, Asan, Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorPierluigi Romandini
Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorAndreina Laforí
Department of Periodontology and Prosthodontics, Policlinico “Umberto I” – “G. Eastman” Section, Rome, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorMassimo Cordaro
Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information
This study was self-funded by the authors; however, the data of the Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV, V and VI) have been provided from the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC). KNHANES IV, V and VI have been financially supported by the Health Promotion Fund of Korea with administrative support from the Korean Ministry of Health and Welfare.
Abstract
Aim
While the short-term effects of hormonal events on gingival inflammation have been well described, long-term effects on the periodontium have received less attention. The aim of this cross-sectional population-based study was to evaluate the association between hormone-related events and periodontitis in a representative sample of the postmenopausal women of South Korea.
Materials and Methods
A total of 10,273 postmenopausal women representative of 6.1 million of Koreans were examined. Periodontitis and severe periodontitis were defined according to the Community Periodontal Index (CPI ≧ 3 and CPI = 4, respectively). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses using 3 different models were applied controlling for age, smoking, marital status, educational level, income, BMI, hypertension, stress and frequency of toothbrushing.
Results
Severe periodontitis was directly associated with a longer reproductive life (p-trend = .027) and with a longer duration of breastfeeding (48–72 vs. 1–17 months: OR = 1.49; 95% CI: 1.01–2.21). Conversely, early menopausal age (<46 vs. 49–50 years: OR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.56–0.97), history of artificial menopause (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53–0.97), having had more than 6 pregnancies (vs. 4: OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.55–0.97), having had more than three abortions (vs. 0: OR = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28–0.93) and having had the first birth age >26 years (vs. <21 years: OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52–0.97) were inversely associated with severe periodontitis.
Conclusions
In this large nationally representative population, severe periodontitis was related to menopausal age, reproductive life length, number of pregnancies/abortions, first birth age and breastfeeding duration, while it was not to oral contraceptive and hormone replacement therapy usages.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this study.
Supporting Information
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| jcpe13248-sup-0002-TableS1.docxWord document, 16.9 KB | |
| jcpe13248-sup-0003-TableS2.docxWord document, 40.8 KB | |
| jcpe13248-sup-0005-AppendixS1.docxWord document, 15.5 KB |
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