New Insights Into the Phylogeny and Biogeography of Goji Berries (Lycium, Solanaceae) Inferred From Plastid Data
Gulbar Yisilam
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education) & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorKenneth M. Cameron
Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Search for more papers by this authorZhi-Yong Zhang
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education) & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
Search for more papers by this authorEn-Ting Zheng
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education) & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
Search for more papers by this authorChuan-Ning Li
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education) & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
Search for more papers by this authorZhen-Zhou Chu
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
Search for more papers by this authorYing Su
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
Search for more papers by this authorJia-Lei Li
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
Search for more papers by this authorYu-Wei Wang
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
Search for more papers by this authorJin Li
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Pan Li
Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Correspondence:
Xin-Min Tian ([email protected])
Pan Li ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xin-Min Tian
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education) & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
Correspondence:
Xin-Min Tian ([email protected])
Pan Li ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorGulbar Yisilam
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education) & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorKenneth M. Cameron
Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
Search for more papers by this authorZhi-Yong Zhang
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education) & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
Search for more papers by this authorEn-Ting Zheng
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education) & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
Search for more papers by this authorChuan-Ning Li
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education) & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
Search for more papers by this authorZhen-Zhou Chu
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
Search for more papers by this authorYing Su
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
Search for more papers by this authorJia-Lei Li
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
Search for more papers by this authorYu-Wei Wang
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
Search for more papers by this authorJin Li
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology in Arid Land, College of Life Science, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Pan Li
Laboratory of Systematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Correspondence:
Xin-Min Tian ([email protected])
Pan Li ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xin-Min Tian
Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Ministry of Education) & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Landscape Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization in Lijiang River Basin, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
Correspondence:
Xin-Min Tian ([email protected])
Pan Li ([email protected])
Search for more papers by this authorFunding: This work was supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (32360058). The Key Technology Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (2023C03138), China. The Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Projects, China (2023ZYZX1224).
ABSTRACT
Aim
Lycium L. (Solanaceae), which is known for producing goji berries, is an important plant with both medicinal and edible uses. This genus is globally distributed in temperate and subtropical regions. However, a comprehensive phylogeny and evolutionary history of this plant group is lacking so far. This study was executed to produce novel insights into the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary history of this small but economically important genus.
Location
North America, South America, Hawaii, Africa and Eurasia.
Taxon
Lycium L. (Solanaceae).
Methods
We established a phylogenetic framework for Lycium based on complete plastome sequences and data from 80 protein-coding genes across 43 Lycium species using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Furthermore, 14 species from the Solanaceae family were used as outgroups. Additionally, two Solanoideae fossils and one secondary calibration point were used to estimate divergence times and reveal the biographical history of these plants through ancestral area reconstruction.
Results
Our analysis revealed that six North American Lycium species were strongly supported as monophyletic with high support and were sister clades to the remainder of the genus. The remaining species from North America, South America and the Hawaiian Islands shared a common ancestor, whereas all species from Africa, Saharo-Arabia and Eurasia formed a distinct clade. Our results indicated that Lycium originated in North America during the Late Oligocene and then dispersed to Hawaii and South America, from there to Africa, and then further to Saharo-Arabia, with a more recent dispersal to Eurasia.
Main Conclusions
Our plastid genome data confirmed that Lycium originated in North America and identified long-distance dispersal as the key to its global distribution. Genomic insights facilitate species identification and contribute to conservation efforts.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
Data used in this study were included in the manuscript or Supporting Information. All newly assembled plastome sequences in this study have been deposited in the NCBI GenBank database under the accession numbers PP952454–PP952511.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
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| jbi15163-sup-0001-supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 47.7 KB |
Data S1. |
| jbi15163-sup-0002-supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 1 MB |
Data S2. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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