RESEARCH PAPER
Evolutionary history of Neotropical savannas geographically concentrates species, phylogenetic and functional diversity of lizards
Jessica Fenker,
Fabricius M. C. B. Domingos,
Leonardo G. Tedeschi,
Dan F. Rosauer,
Fernanda P. Werneck,
Guarino R. Colli,
Roger M. D. Ledo,
Emanuel M. Fonseca,
Adrian A. Garda,
Derek Tucker,
Jack W. Sites Jr.,
Maria F. Breitman,
Flávia Soares,
Lilian G. Giugliano,
Craig Moritz,
Corresponding Author
Jessica Fenker
Division of Ecology and Evolution, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Correspondence
Jessica Fenker, Division of Ecology and Evolution, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFabricius M. C. B. Domingos
Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
Search for more papers by this authorLeonardo G. Tedeschi
Division of Ecology and Evolution, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorDan F. Rosauer
Division of Ecology and Evolution, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorFernanda P. Werneck
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
Search for more papers by this authorGuarino R. Colli
Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
Search for more papers by this authorRoger M. D. Ledo
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Brasília, Samambaia, DF, Brasil
Search for more papers by this authorEmanuel M. Fonseca
Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAdrian A. Garda
Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
Search for more papers by this authorDerek Tucker
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Temp, AZ, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJack W. Sites Jr.
Department of Biology and M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMaria F. Breitman
Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFlávia Soares
Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
Search for more papers by this authorLilian G. Giugliano
Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
Search for more papers by this authorCraig Moritz
Division of Ecology and Evolution, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorJessica Fenker,
Fabricius M. C. B. Domingos,
Leonardo G. Tedeschi,
Dan F. Rosauer,
Fernanda P. Werneck,
Guarino R. Colli,
Roger M. D. Ledo,
Emanuel M. Fonseca,
Adrian A. Garda,
Derek Tucker,
Jack W. Sites Jr.,
Maria F. Breitman,
Flávia Soares,
Lilian G. Giugliano,
Craig Moritz,
Corresponding Author
Jessica Fenker
Division of Ecology and Evolution, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Correspondence
Jessica Fenker, Division of Ecology and Evolution, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorFabricius M. C. B. Domingos
Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
Search for more papers by this authorLeonardo G. Tedeschi
Division of Ecology and Evolution, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorDan F. Rosauer
Division of Ecology and Evolution, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorFernanda P. Werneck
Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
Search for more papers by this authorGuarino R. Colli
Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
Search for more papers by this authorRoger M. D. Ledo
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Brasília, Samambaia, DF, Brasil
Search for more papers by this authorEmanuel M. Fonseca
Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAdrian A. Garda
Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brasil
Search for more papers by this authorDerek Tucker
School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Temp, AZ, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJack W. Sites Jr.
Department of Biology and M.L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
Search for more papers by this authorMaria F. Breitman
Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO, USA
Search for more papers by this authorFlávia Soares
Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
Search for more papers by this authorLilian G. Giugliano
Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brasil
Search for more papers by this authorCraig Moritz
Division of Ecology and Evolution, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorHandling Editor: David Chapple
Abstract
Aim
Understanding where and why species diversity is geographically concentrated remains a challenge in biogeography and macroevolution. This is true for the Cerrado, the most biodiverse tropical savanna in the world, which has experienced profound biodiversity loss. Previous studies have focused on a single metric (species composition), neglecting the fact that ‘species’ within the biome are often composed of cryptic species. In order to identify biodiversity hotspots more robustly and across multiple dimensions we integrate functional, spatial and new phylogeographic data for the Cerrado lizard fauna by (a) mapping the spatial patterns of species and phylogenetic diversity; and (b) using endemism measures to identify areas of unique diversity. We then quantify the extent to which existing protected areas represent the diversity.
Location
Brazilian savanna (Cerrado).
Methods
We generated species distribution models using distribution records for all Cerrado lizard species. These, combined with mitochondrial DNA phylogenies and natural history data, allowed us to map species richness, phylogenetic and functional diversity and phylogenetic and weighted endemism. Phylogenetic endemism maps were then cross-referenced against protected areas to calculate the amount of evolutionary history preserved within these areas.
Results
The central region of the Cerrado, a vast and climatically stable plateau, stands out as important under all biodiversity metrics. Including evolutionary relationships in biodiversity assessment, we detected four regional hotspots with high concentration of spatially restricted evolutionary diversity. Protected areas cover only 10% of the Cerrado area and hold 11.64% of the summed phylogenetic endemism of all lizards in the biome.
Main Conclusions
We highlighted both stable (Chapada dos Veadeiros and Serra do Espinhaço plateaus) and environmentally heterogenous regions (Araguaia and Tocantins valleys) as hotspots of evolutionary diversity. The creation and/or manipulation of areas for conservation are essential for the conservation and survival of the rich and endemic lizard fauna of the Cerrado.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Supporting data is available at Data S1, S2 and S3. Scripts to compute the diversity and endemism indices are made available by Dan Rosauer (https://github.com/DanRosauer/phylospatial), https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.m0cfxpp05
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| jbi13800-sup-0001-DataS1.docxWord document, 327 KB | |
| jbi13800-sup-0002-DataS2.docxWord document, 926.4 KB | |
| jbi13800-sup-0003-DataS3.docxWord document, 39.3 MB |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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