INTEGRATING LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT AND HYDROLOGIC MODELING FOR LAND COVER CHANGE ANALYSIS1
Scott N. Miller
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorWilliam G. Kepner
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorMegan H. Mehaffey
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorMariano Hernandez
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorRyan C. Miller
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorDavid C. Goodrich
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorK. Kim Devonald
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel T. Heggem
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorW. Paul Miller
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorScott N. Miller
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorWilliam G. Kepner
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorMegan H. Mehaffey
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorMariano Hernandez
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorRyan C. Miller
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorDavid C. Goodrich
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorK. Kim Devonald
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel T. Heggem
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorW. Paul Miller
Respectively, Senior Research Specialist (S.N. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Research Ecologists (Kepner, Mehaffey), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; Hydrologist, Research Specialist, and Research Hydraulic Engineer (Hernandez, R.C. Miller, Goodrich), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719; Project Officer (Devonald), USEPA ORD, National Center for Environmental Research, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460 (deceased); Environmental Research Scientist (Heggem), USEPA NERL, Landscape Ecology Branch, Environmental Sciences Division, P.O. Box 93478, Las Vegas, Nevada 89193–3478; and Research Assistant (WP. Miller), USDA-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, 2000 East Allen Road, Tucson, Arizona 85719 (E-Mail/S.N. Miller: [email protected] ).
Search for more papers by this authorPaper No. 01068 of the Journal of the American Water Resources Association.Discussions are open until February 1, 2003.
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Significant land cover changes have occurred in the watersheds that contribute runoff to the upper San Pedro River in Sonora, Mexico, and southeast Arizona. These changes, observed using a series of remotely sensed images taken in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, have been implicated in the alteration of the basin hydrologic response. The Cannonsville subwatershed, located in the Catskill/Delaware watershed complex that delivers water to New York City, provides a contrast in land cover change. In this region, the Cannonsville watershed condition has improved over a comparable time period. A landscape assessment tool using a geographic information system (GIS) has been developed that automates the parameterization of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and KINEmatic Runoff and EROSion (KINEROS) hydrologic models. The Automated Geospatial Watershed Assessment (AGWA) tool was used to prepare parameter input files for the Upper San Pedro Basin, a subwatershed within the San Pedro undergoing significant changes, and the Cannonsville watershed using historical land cover data. Runoff and sediment yield were simulated using these models. In the Cannonsville watershed, land cover change had a beneficial impact on modeled watershed response due to the transition from agriculture to forest land cover. Simulation results for the San Pedro indicate that increasing urban and agricultural areas and the simultaneous invasion of woody plants and decline of grasslands resulted in increased annual and event runoff volumes, flashier flood response, and decreased water quality due to sediment loading. These results demonstrate the usefulness of integrating remote sensing and distributed hydrologic models through the use of GIS for assessing watershed condition and the relative impacts of land cover transitions on hydrologic response.
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