The local supermassive black hole mass density: corrections for dependencies on the Hubble constant
Corresponding Author
Alister W. Graham
Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorSimon P. Driver
SUPA, † School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Alister W. Graham
Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorSimon P. Driver
SUPA, † School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS
Search for more papers by this authorScottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA).
ABSTRACT
We have investigated past measurements of the local supermassive black hole mass density, correcting for hitherto unknown dependencies on the Hubble constant, which, in some cases, had led to an underestimation of the mass density by factors of ∼2. Correcting for this, we note that the majority of (but not all) past studies yield a local supermassive black hole mass density that is consistent with the range 4.4–5.9 × 105f(H0) M⊙ Mpc−3 (when using H0= 70 km s−1 Mpc−1). In addition, we address a number of ways in which these past estimates can be further developed. In particular, we tabulate realistic bulge-to-total flux ratios which can be used to estimate the luminosity of bulges and subsequently their central black hole masses.
REFERENCES
-
Allen P. D.,
Driver S. P.,
Graham A. W.,
Cameron E.,
Liske J.,
De Propris R., 2006, MNRAS, 371, 2
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10586.x Google Scholar
- Aller M. C., Richstone D., 2002, AJ, 124, 3035 (AR02)
- Andredakis Y. C., Sanders R. H., 1994, MNRAS, 267, 283
- Andreon S., 2002, A&A, 382, 495
-
Balcells M.,
Graham A. W.,
Dominguez-Palmero L.,
Peletier R. F., 2003, ApJ, 582, L79
10.1086/367783 Google Scholar
- Balcells M., Graham A. W., Peletier R. F., 2007, ApJ, in press (0404381)
-
Benitez N.
et al., 2004, ApJS, 150, 1
10.1086/380120 Google Scholar
- Bernardi M., Sheth R. K., Tundo E., Hyde J. B., 2007, ApJ, 660, 267
- Bernstein R. A., Freedman W. L., Madore B. F., 2002, 571, 107
-
Boylan-Kolchin M.,
Ma C.-P.,
Quataeri E., 2004, ApJ, 613, L37
10.1086/425073 Google Scholar
- Brand K. et al., 2005, ApJ, 626, 723
- Bromley J. M., Sommerville R. S., Fabian A. C., 2004, MNRAS, 350, 456
- Caon N., Capaccioli M., D'Onofrio M., 1993, MNRAS, 265, 1013
- Ciotti L., Van Albada T. S., 2001, ApJ, 552, L13
- Ciotti L., Haiman Z., Ostriker J. P., 2003, in R. Bender, A. Renzini, eds, Proc. ESO Astrophys. Symp., The Mass of Galaxies at Low and High Redshift. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg , p. 106
- Crummy J., Fabian A. C., Gallo L., Ross R. R., 2006, MNRAS, 365, 1067
- Davies J. I., Phillipps S., Cawson M. G. M., Disney M. J., Kibblewhite E. J., 1988, MNRAS, 232, 239
- De Jong R. S., 1996, A&AS, 118, 557
- De Rijcke S., Michielsen D., Dejonghe H., Zeilinger W. W., Hau G. K. T., 2005, A&A, 438, 491
-
Driver S. P.,
Popescu C. C.,
Tuffs R. J.,
Liske J.,
Graham A. W.,
Allen P. D.,
De Propris R., 2007, MNRAS, in press (doi:DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11862.x) (arXiv: 0704.2140)
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11862.x Google Scholar
- Elvis M., Risaliti G., Zamorani G., 2002, ApJ, 565, L75
- Faber S. M., Jackson R. E., 1976, ApJ, 204, 668
- Fabian A. C., 2003, in L. C. Ho, ed., Carnegie Obs. Astrophys. Ser. Vol. 1, Coevolution of Black Holes and Galaxies. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge , p. 447
- Ferrarese L., 2002, in C.-H. Lee, ed., Proc. 2nd KIAS Astrophys. Workshop, Current High-Energy Emission around Black Holes. World Scientific, Singapore , p. 3
- Ferrarese L., Merritt D., 2000, ApJ, 539, L9
- Fukugita M., Peebles P. J. E., 2004, ApJ, 616, 643
- Gallo L. C., Boller Th., Brandt W. N., Fabian A. C., Grupe D., 2004, MNRAS, 352, 744
- Gebhardt K. et al., 2000, ApJ, 539, L13
- Graham A. W., 2003, AJ, 125, 3398
- Graham A. W., 2007, MNRAS, 379, 711
- Graham A. W., Driver S. P., 2005, PASA, 22, 118 (0503176)
- Graham A. W., Guzmán R., 2003, AJ, 125, 2936
- Graham A. W., Driver S. P., Petrosian V., Conselice C. J., Bershady M. A., Crawford S. M., Goto T., 2005, AJ, 130, 1535
- Graham A. W., Driver S. P., Allen P. D., Liske J., 2007, MNRAS, 378, 198
- Haehnelt M. G., Kauffmann G., 2001, in L. Kaper, E. P. J. Van Den Heuvel, P. A. Woudt, eds, Proc. ESO Workshop, Black Holes in Binaries and Galactic Nuclei. Springer, Berlin , p. 364
- Hasinger G., 2005, in A. Merloni, S. Nayakshin, R. A. Sunyaev, eds, Proc. MPA/ESO/MPE/USM Joint Astron. Conf., Growing Black Holes: Accretion in a Cosmological Context. Springer, Berlin , p. 418
- Held E. V., De Zeeuw T., Mould J., Picard A., 1992, AJ, 103, 851
- Hoffman L., Loeb A., 2007, MNRAS, 377, 957
- Hopkins P. F., Hernquist L., Cox T. J., Di Matteo T., Robertson B., Springel V., 2005, ApJ, 625, L71
- Hopkins P. F., Richards G. T., Hernquist L., 2007, ApJ, 654, 731
- Kormendy J., Djorgovski S., 1989, ARA&A, 27, 235
- Laurikainen E., Salo H., Buta R., 2005, MNRAS, 362, 1319
- Libeskind N. I., Cole S., Frenk C. S., Helly J. C., 2006, MNRAS, 368, 1381
- McLure R. J., Dunlop J. S., 2002, MNRAS, 331, 795
- McLure R. J., Dunlop J. S., 2004, MNRAS, 352, 1390
- Marconi A., Risaliti G., Gilli R., Hunt L. K., Maiolino R., Salvati M., 2004, MNRAS, 351, 169
- Matković A., Guzmán R., 2005, MNRAS, 362, 289
- Menou K., Haiman Z., 2004, ApJ, 615, 130
- Merloni A., 2004, MNRAS, 353, 1035
- Merritt D., Ferrarese L., 2001, MNRAS, 320, L30
- Merritt D., Milosavljević M., Favata M., Hughes S. A., Holz D. E., 2004, ApJ, 607, L9
- Miller M. C., 2006, MNRAS, 367, L32
- Press W. H., Teukolsky S. A., Vetterling W. T., Flannery B. P., 1992, Numerical Recipes, 2nd edn. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
- Salucci P., Szuszkiewicz E., Monaco P., Danese L., 1999, MNRAS, 307, 637
- Shankar F., Salucci P., Granato G. L., De Zotti G., Danese L., 2004, MNRAS, 354, 1020 (S04)
- Simien F., De Vaucouleurs G., 1986, ApJ, 302, 564
- Thorne K. S., 1974, ApJ, 191, 507
- Tonry J., 1981, ApJ, 251, L1
- Tonry J., Dressler A., Blakeslee J. P., Ajhar E. A., Fletcher A. B., Luppino G. A., Metzger M. R., Moore C. B., 2001, ApJ, 546, 681
- Tremaine S. et al., 2002, ApJ, 574, 740
- Tundo E., Bernardi M., Hyde J. B., Sheth R. K., Pizzella A., 2007, ApJ, 663, 53
- Volonteri M., Haardt F., Madau P., 2003, ApJ, 582, 559
- Wang J.-M., Chen Y.-M., Ho L. C., McLure R. J., 2006, ApJ, 642, L111
- Wyithe J. S. B., 2006a, MNRAS, 365, 1082
- Wyithe J. S. B., 2006b, MNRAS, 371, 1536
- Wyithe J. S. B., Loeb A., 2003, ApJ, 595, 614
- Yu Q., Lu Y., 2004, ApJ, 602, 603
- Yu Q., Tremaine S., 2002, MNRAS, 335, 965