An evaluation of the Periotest® method as a tool for monitoring tooth mobility in dental traumatology
Christine Berthold
Dental Clinic 1 – Operative Dentistry and Periodontology
Search for more papers by this authorStefan Holst
Dental Clinic 2 – Prosthodontics, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorJohannes Schmitt
Dental Clinic 2 – Prosthodontics, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMatthias Goellner
Dental Clinic 2 – Prosthodontics, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAnselm Petschelt
Dental Clinic 1 – Operative Dentistry and Periodontology
Search for more papers by this authorChristine Berthold
Dental Clinic 1 – Operative Dentistry and Periodontology
Search for more papers by this authorStefan Holst
Dental Clinic 2 – Prosthodontics, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorJohannes Schmitt
Dental Clinic 2 – Prosthodontics, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMatthias Goellner
Dental Clinic 2 – Prosthodontics, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAnselm Petschelt
Dental Clinic 1 – Operative Dentistry and Periodontology
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Abstract – Background/aim: The Periotest® method is a technique for the objective assessment of tooth mobility. The aims of this study were to determine normal Periotest® values in the vertical and horizontal dimensions of periodontally healthy teeth in individuals aged 20–35 years and investigate the reliability of Periotest® in terms of intra-series and inter-series reproducibility before and after applying a dental trauma splint in vivo.
Materials and methods: Periotest® values were measured in periodontally healthy dental students (n = 33; mean age 24.7 years) at reproducible measuring points in the vertical and horizontal dimensions, before and after splint insertion. Three readings were taken per series to observe the intra-series reproducibility; three series were measured to test inter-series reproducibility (Friedman-test; P ≤ 0.001). Two different wire-composite splints, 0.45 mm Dentaflex and 0.8 × 1.8 Strengtheners, were inserted and the Periotest® values were measured.
Results: The median Periotest® values before splinting were: canines -2.5, lateral incisors -0.9, and central incisors 0.0 for the vertical dimension, and canines 1.1, lateral incisors 3.2, and central incisors 3.6 for the horizontal dimension. The intra-series and inter-series Periotest® values were highly reproducible.
Conclusion: The Periotest® method provides highly reproducible results. Focused on dental trauma, the method can be applied diagnostically during the splint and follow-up period and for evaluating splint rigidity.
References
- 1 Andresen M, Mackie I, Worthington H. The Periotest in traumatology. Part II. The Periotest as a special test for assessing the periodontal status of teeth in children that have suffered trauma. Dent Traumatol 2003; 19: 218–20.
- 2 Andresen M, Mackie I, Worthington H. The Periotest in traumatology. Part I. Does it have the properties necessary for use as a clinical device and can the measurements be interpreted?. Dent Traumatol 2003; 19: 214–7.
- 3 Galgut PN, Calabrese N. A comparison of diagnostic screening data derived from general dental practitioners and periodontists used for initial treatment planning in periodontitis patients. J Int Acad Periodontol 2007; 9: 106–11.
- 4 Levander E, Malmgren O. Long-term follow-up of maxillary incisors with severe apical root resorption. Eur J Orthod 2000; 22: 85–92.
- 5 Piwowarczyk A, Köhler KC, Bender R, Büchler A, Lauer HC, Ottl P. Prognosis for abutment teeth of removable dentures: a retrospective study. J Prosthodont 2007; 16: 377–82.
- 6 Schulte W, D’Hoedt B, Lukas D, Maunz M, Steppeler M. Periotest for measuring periodontal characteristics – correlation with periodontal bone loss. J Periodontal Res 1992; 27: 184–90.
- 7 Schulte W, Lukas D. The Periotest method. Int Dent J 1992; 42: 433–40.
- 8 Tanaka E, Ueki K, Kikuzaki M, Yamada E, Takeuchi M, La-Bona D et al. Longitudinal measurements of tooth mobility during orthodontic treatment using a periotest. Angle Orthod 2005; 75: 101–5.
- 9 Laster L, Laudenbach KW, Stoller NH. An evaluation of clinical tooth mobility measurements. J Periodontol 1975; 46: 603–7.
- 10 Ioi H, Morishita T, Nakata S, Nakasima A, Nanda RS. Evaluation of physiological tooth movements within clinically normal periodontal tissues by means of periodontal pulsation measurements. J Periodontal Res 2002; 37: 110–7.
- 11 Yamane M, Yamaoka M, Hayashi M, Furutoyo I, Komori N, Ogiso B. Measuring tooth mobility with a no-contact vibration device. J Periodontal Res 2008; 43: 84–9.
- 12 Barbakow FH, Cleaton-Jones PE, Austin JC, Andreasen JO, Vieira E. Changes in tooth mobility after experimental replantation. J Endod 1978; 4: 265–72.
- 13 Galler C, Selipsky H, Phillips C, Ammons WF Jr. The effect of splinting on tooth mobility. (2) After osseous surgery. J Clin Periodontol 1979; 6: 317–33.
- 14 Mühlemann HR. Periodontometry, a method for measuring tooth mobility. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1951; 4: 1220–33.
- 15 Schwarze J, Bourauel C, Drescher D. Frontzahnbeweglichkeit nach direkter Klebung von Lingualretainern. Fortschr Kieferorthop 1995; 56: 25–33.
- 16 Wedendal PR, Bjelkhagen HI. Dental holographic interferometry in vivo utilizing a ruby laser system II. Clinical applications. Acta Odontol Scand 1974; 32: 345–56.
- 17 Wedendal PR, Bjelkhagen HI. Dental holographic interferometry in vivo utilizing a ruby laser system. I. Introduction and development of methods for precision measurements on the functional dynamics of human teeth and prosthodontic appliances. Acta Odontol Scand 1974; 32: 131–45.
- 18 Castellini P, Scalise L, Tomasini EP. Teeth mobility measurement: a laser vibrometry approach. J Clin Laser Med Surg 1998; 16: 269–72.
- 19 Persson R, Svensson A. Assessment of tooth mobility using small loads. I. Technical devices and calculations of tooth mobility in periodontal health and disease. J Clin Periodontol 1980; 7: 259–75.
- 20 Watted N, Wieber M, Teuscher T, Schmitz N. Comparison of incisor mobility after insertion of canine-to-canine lingual retainers bonded to two or to six teeth. A clinical study. J Orofac Orthop 2001; 62: 387–96.
- 21 D’Hoedt B, Lukas D, Mühlbradt L, Scholz F, Schulte W, Quante F et al. Das Periotestverfahren – Entwicklung und klinische Prüfung. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 1985; 40: 113–25.
- 22 König M, Lukas D, Quante F, Schulte W, Topkaya A. Messverfahren zur quantitativen Beurteilung des Schweregrades von Parodontopathien (Periotest). Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 1981; 36: 451–4.
- 23 Feller L, Lemmer J. Tooth mobility after periodontal surgery. SADJ 2004; 7: 411.
- 24 Lukas D, Schulte W. Periotest – a dynamic procedure for the diagnosis of the human periodontium. Clin Phys Physiol Meas 1990; 11: 65–75.
- 25 Glauser R, Meredith N. Diagnostische Möglichkeiten zur Evaluation der Implantatstabilität. Implantologie 2001; 9: 147–60.
- 26 Meredith N. A review of nondestructive test methods and their application to measure the stability and osseointegration of bone anchored endosseous implants. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 1998; 26: 275–91.
- 27 Berthold C, Thaler A, Petschelt A. Rigidity of commonly used dental trauma splints. Dent Traumatol 2009; 25: 248–55.
- 28 Ebeleseder KA, Glockner K, Pertl C, Stadtler P. Splints made of wire and composite: an investigation of lateral tooth mobility in vivo. Endod Dent Traumatol 1995; 11: 288–93.
- 29 Von Arx T, Filippi A, Lussi A. Comparison of a new dental trauma splint device (TTS) with three commonly used splinting techniques. Dent Traumatol 2001; 17: 266–74.
- 30 Filippi A, Pohl Y, Von Arx T. Treatment of replacement resorption by intentional replantation, resection of the ankylosed sites, and Emdogain – results of a 6-year survey. Dent Traumatol 2006; 22: 307–11.
- 31 Mackie I, Ghrebi S, Worthington H. Measurement of tooth mobility in children using the periotest. Endod Dent Traumatol 1996; 12: 120–3.
- 32 Van Steenberghe D, Rosenberg D, Naert IE, Van Den Bossche L, Nys M. Assessment of periodontal tissues damping characteristics: current concepts and clinical trials. J Periodontol 1995; 66: 165–70.
- 33 Berthold C, Petschelt A. Schienentherapie nach dentalem Trauma. Endodontie 2003; 12: 23–36.
- 34 Oikarinen K. Tooth splinting: a review of the literature and consideration of the versatility of a wire-composite splint. Endod Dent Traumatol 1990; 6: 237–50.
- 35 Andersson L, Lindskog S, Blomlof L, Hedstrom KG, Hammarstrom L. Effect of masticatory stimulation on dentoalveolar ankylosis after experimental tooth replantation. Endod Dent Traumatol 1985; 1: 13–6.
- 36 Oikarinen K. Functional fixation for traumatically luxated teeth. Endod Dent Traumatol 1987; 3: 224–8.
- 37 Buonocore MG. A simple method of increasing the adhesion of acrylic filling materials to enamel surfaces. J Dent Res 1955; 34: 849–53.
- 38 Oikarinen K, Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM. Rigidity of various fixation methods used as dental splints. Endod Dent Traumatol 1992; 8: 113–9.
- 39 Von Arx T. Splinting of traumatized teeth with focus on adhesive techniques. CDA J 2005; 33: 409–14.
- 40 Stellini E, Avesani S, Mazzoleni S, Favero L. Laboratory comparison of a titanium trauma splint with three conventional ones for the treatment of dental trauma. Eur J Paediatr Dent 2005; 6: 191–6.
- 41 Andreasen JO, Ravn JJ. Epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries to primary and permanent teeth in a Danish population sample. Int J Oral Surg 1972; 1: 235–9.
- 42 Campbell KM, Casas MJ, Kenny DJ. Development of ankylosis in permanent incisors following delayed replantation and severe intrusion. Dent Traumatol 2007; 23: 162–6.
- 43 Flores MT, Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Bakland LK, Malmgren B, Barnett F et al. Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries. II. Avulsion of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol 2007; 23: 130–6.
- 44 Flores MT, Andersson L, Andreasen JO, Bakland LK, Malmgren B, Barnett F et al. Guidelines for the management of traumatic dental injuries. I. Fractures and luxations of permanent teeth. Dent Traumatol 2007; 23: 66–71.
- 45 Chai JY, Yamada J, Pang IC. In vitro consistency of the Periotest instrument. J Prosthodont 1993; 2: 9–12.
Citing Literature
