Non-classical transcriptional regulation of HLA-G: an update
Correction(s) for this article
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Non-classical transcriptional regulation of HLA-G: an update
- Volume 14Issue 10Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
- pages: 2540-2540
- First Published online: October 26, 2010
Philippe Moreau,
Sébastien Flajollet,
Edgardo D. Carosella,
Corresponding Author
Philippe Moreau
Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
Correspondence to: Philippe MOREAU, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux 75010 Paris, France.Tel.: +33-1-57 27 67 32Fax: +33-1-48 03 19 60E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorSébastien Flajollet
Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorEdgardo D. Carosella
Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorPhilippe Moreau,
Sébastien Flajollet,
Edgardo D. Carosella,
Corresponding Author
Philippe Moreau
Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
Correspondence to: Philippe MOREAU, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1 avenue Claude Vellefaux 75010 Paris, France.Tel.: +33-1-57 27 67 32Fax: +33-1-48 03 19 60E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorSébastien Flajollet
Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorEdgardo D. Carosella
Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Direction des Sciences du Vivant, I2BM, Service de Recherches en Hémato-Immunologie, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
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Introduction
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HLA-G gene promoter region: regulatory sites and binding factors
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The atypical proximal promoter region of the HLA-G gene among classical HLA class I genes
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Alternative regulatory elements within the HLA-G gene promoter
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The locus control region
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cAMP response element/TPA response element
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Interferon-stimulated response element
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Heat shock element
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Progesterone response element
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Leukaemia inhibitory factor target site
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Ras response elements
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Sequence polymorphism within the HLA-G gene promoter and 3′UT region
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Modulation of HLA-G transcription by micro-environmental factors with unidentified target sites
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Cytokines, growth factors, and hormones
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Hypoxia
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Chromatin remodelling at the HLA-G gene locus
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Concluding remarks
Human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) plays a key role in maternal–foetal tolerance and allotransplantation acceptance and is also implicated in tumour escape from the immune system. The modulation of HLA-G expression can prove to be very important to therapeutic goals in some pregnancy complications, transplantation, cancer and possibly autoimmune diseases. In spite of substantial similarities with classical HLA-class I genes, HLA-G is characterized by a restricted tissue-specific expression in non-pathological situations. HLA-G expression is mainly controlled at the transcriptional level by a unique gene promoter when compared with classical HLA-class I genes, and at the post-transcriptional level including alternative splicing, mRNA stability, translation and protein transport to the cell surface. We focus on the characteristics of the HLA-G gene promoter and the factors which are involved in HLA-G transcriptional modulation. They take part in epigenetic mechanisms that control key functions of the HLA-G gene in the regulation of immune tolerance.
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