DESICCATION AND STARVATION TOLERANCE OF ADULT DROSOPHILA: OPPOSITE LATITUDINAL CLINES IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OF THREE DIFFERENT SPECIES
Dev Karan
Department of Biosciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124 001 India
The first two authors contributed equally to this manuscript.Search for more papers by this authorNeena Dahiya
Department of Biosciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124 001 India
The first two authors contributed equally to this manuscript.Search for more papers by this authorAshok K. Munjal
Department of Biosciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124 001 India
Search for more papers by this authorPatricia Gibert
Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution, CNRS, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
Search for more papers by this authorBrigitte Moreteau
Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution, CNRS, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
Search for more papers by this authorRavi Parkash
Department of Biosciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124 001 India
Search for more papers by this authorJean R. David
Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution, CNRS, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorDev Karan
Department of Biosciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124 001 India
The first two authors contributed equally to this manuscript.Search for more papers by this authorNeena Dahiya
Department of Biosciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124 001 India
The first two authors contributed equally to this manuscript.Search for more papers by this authorAshok K. Munjal
Department of Biosciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124 001 India
Search for more papers by this authorPatricia Gibert
Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution, CNRS, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
Search for more papers by this authorBrigitte Moreteau
Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution, CNRS, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
Search for more papers by this authorRavi Parkash
Department of Biosciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124 001 India
Search for more papers by this authorJean R. David
Laboratoire Populations, Génétique et Evolution, CNRS, 91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
Corresponding author.Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Desiccation and starvation tolerance were measured along latitudinal transects in three Drosophilid species (Drosophila ananassae, D. melanogaster, and Zaprionus indianus) of the Indian subcontinent. In each case, significant latitudinal clines were observed; desiccation tolerance increased with latitude while starvation tolerance decreased. Such field observations suggest that desiccation and starvation tolerance are fitness related traits that are independently selected in nature and genetically independent. It was, however, difficult to relate these genetic changes with precise climatic variables, except winter temperature. The overall negative correlation between the two traits, which was evidenced in natural populations, contrasts with a positive correlation generally observed in various laboratory selection experiments and that also seems to exist between different species. These observations point to the difficulty of interpreting correlations among fitness-related traits when different evolutionary levels are compared, and also different sets of data, that is, field versus laboratory studies.
Literature Cited
- Beverly, S. M., and A. C. Wilson. 1984. Molecular evolution in Drosophila and the higher diptera. II. Time scale for fly evolution. J. Mol. Evol. 21: 1–13.
- Blows, M. W., and A. A. Hoffmann. 1993. The genetics of central and marginal populations of Drosophila serrata. I. Genetic variation for stress resistance and species borders. Evolution 47: 1255–1270.
- Boulétreau-Merle, J., R. Allemand, Y. Cohet, and J. R. David. 1982. Reproductive strategy in Drosophila melanogaster: significance of a genetic divergence between temperate and tropical populations. Oecologia (Berlin) 53: 323–329.
- Capy, P., E. Pla, and J. R. David. 1993. Phenotypic and genetic variability of morphometrical traits in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. I. Geographic variations. Genet. Sel. Evol. 25: 517–536.
- Carton, Y., P. Capy, and A. J. Nappi. 1989. Genetic variability of host-parasite relationship traits: utilization of isofemale lines in a Drosophila simulans parasitic wasp. Genet. Sel. Evol. 21: 437–446.
- Chippindale, A. K., J. F. C. Terence, and M. R. Rose. 1996. Complex trade-offs and the evolution of starvation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 50: 753–766.
- Da Lage, J. L., P. Capy, and J. R. David. 1990. Starvation and desiccation tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster: differences between European, north Afrotropical populations. Genet. Sel. Evol. 22: 381–391.
10.1186/1297-9686-22-4-381 Google Scholar
- Da Lage, J. L., M. Wegnez, and M.-L. Cariou. 1996. Distribution and evolution of introns in Drosophila amylase genes. J. Mol. Evol. 43: 334–347.
- David, J. R., Y. Cohet, and P. Fouillet. 1975. La résistance à 1′inanition chez les insectes: importance de la quantité des réserves lipidiques chez les adultes de Drosophila melanogaster. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 280: 2571–2574.
- David, J. R., R. Allemand, J. Van Herrewege, and Y. Cohet. 1983. Ecophysiology: abiotic factors. Pp. 105–170 in M. Ashburner, H. L. Carson, and J. N. Thompson eds. The genetics and biology of Drosophila. Academic Press, London.
- Davidson, J. K. 1990. Non-parallel geographic patterns for tolerance to cold and desiccation in Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. Aust. J. Zool. 38: 155–161.
- Edney, E. B. 1977. Water balance in land Arthropods. Springer, Berlin.
10.1007/978-3-642-81105-0 Google Scholar
- Garland, T., and S. Adolph. 1994. Why not to do two-species comparative studies: limitations on inferring adaptation. Physiol. Zool. 67: 797–828.
- Gibbs, A. G., A. K. Chippindale, and M. R. Rose. 1997. Physiological mechanisms of evolved desiccation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Exp. Biol. 200: 1821–1832.
- Gibert, P., B. Moreteau, J. C. Moreteau, and J. R. David. 1998. Genetic variability of quantitative traits in Drosophila melanogaster populations: analysis of wild living flies and of successive laboratory generations. Heredity 80: 326–335.
- Graves, J. L., E. C. Toolson, C. Jeng, L. N. Vu, and M. R. Rose. 1992. Desiccation, flight, glycogen and postponed senescence in Drosophila melanogaster. Physiol. Zool. 65: 268–286.
- Hoffmann, A. A., and P. A. Parsons. 1989a. An integrated approach to environmental stress tolerance and life-history variation: desiccation tolerance in Drosophila. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 37: 117–136.
- Hoffmann, A. A., and P. A. Parsons. 1989b. Selection for increased desiccation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. additive genetic control and correlated responses for other stresses. Genetics 122: 837–845.
- Hoffmann, A. A., and P. A. Parsons. 1991. Evolutionary genetics and environmental stress. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
- Hoffmann, A. A., and P. A. Parsons. 1993. Selection for adult desiccation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. fitness components, larval resistance and stress correlations. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 48: 43–54.
- Leather, S. R., K. F. A. Walters, and J. S. Bale. 1993. The ecology of insect overwintering. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
10.1017/CBO9780511525834 Google Scholar
- McKenzie, J. A., and P. A. Parsons. 1974. The genetic architecture of resistance to desiccation in populations of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 27: 441–456.
- Murphey, R. M., and C. H. Hall. 1969. Some correlates of negative geotaxis in Drosophila melanogaster. Anim. Behav. 17: 181–185.
- Parsons, P. A. 1980. Parallel climatic races for tolerance to high temperature desiccation stress in two Drosophila species. J. Biogeogr. 7: 97–101.
- Parsons, P. A. 1982. Evolutionary ecology of Australian Drosophila. A species analysis. Evol. Biol. 14: 297–350.
- Parsons, P. A. 1983. The evolutionary biology of colonizing species. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, U.K.
10.1017/CBO9780511525742 Google Scholar
- Powell, J. R. 1997. Progress and prospects in evolutionary biology. The Drosophila model. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- Roff, D. A. 1992. The evolution of life histories. Chapman and Hall, New York.
- Rose, M. R., L. N. Vu, S. U. Park, and J. L. J. Graves. 1992. Selection on stress resistance increases longevity in Drosophila melanogaster. Exp. Gerontol. 27: 241–250.
- Service, P. M. 1987. Physiological mechanisms of increased stress resistance in Drosophila melanogaster selected for postponed senescence. Physiol. Zool. 60: 321–326.
- Service, P. M., E. W Hutchinson, M. D. Mackinley, and M. R. Rose. 1985. Resistance to environmental stress in Drosophila melanogaster selected for postponed senescence. Physiol. Zool. 58: 380–389.
- Sokal, R. R., and F. J. Rohlf. 1995. Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 3d ed. Freeman, New York.
- Stanley, S. M., P. A. Parsons, G. E. Spence, and L. Weber. 1980. Resistance of species of the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup to environmental extremes. Aust. J. Zool. 28: 413–421.
- Stearns, S. C. 1992. The evolution of life histories. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford.
- Vandna, and R. Parkash. 1995. Altitudinal differentiation of starvation and desiccation tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster and D. immigrans. Evol. Biol. 8/9: 119–126.
- Van Herrewege, J., and J. R. David. 1997. Starvation and desiccation tolerances in Drosophila: comparison of species from different climatic regions. Ecoscience 4: 151–157.
