Autonomic Status Epilepticus in Panayiotopoulos Syndrome and Other Childhood and Adult Epilepsies: A Consensus View
Roberto Caraballo
Hospital de Ninos Prof. Dr. JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorAthanasios Covanis
Agia Sophia Childrens’ Hospital, Athens, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorVeysi Demirbilek
Cerrahpassa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey;
Search for more papers by this authorAysin Dervent
Cerrahpassa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
Search for more papers by this authorNatalio Fejerman
Hospital de Ninos Prof. Dr. JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorRichard A. Grünewald
Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Koutroumanidis
St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorZarko Martinovic
Belgrade University Medical School, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro
Search for more papers by this authorDouglas R Nordli Jr
Children's Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
Search for more papers by this authorPasquale Parisi
Department of Pediatrics, La Sapienza 2, University c/o Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorFederico Vigevano
Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorMatthew C. Walker
Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorHarumi Yoshinaga
Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorChrysostomos P Panayiotopoulos
St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorRoberto Caraballo
Hospital de Ninos Prof. Dr. JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorAthanasios Covanis
Agia Sophia Childrens’ Hospital, Athens, Greece
Search for more papers by this authorVeysi Demirbilek
Cerrahpassa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey;
Search for more papers by this authorAysin Dervent
Cerrahpassa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Turkey
Search for more papers by this authorNatalio Fejerman
Hospital de Ninos Prof. Dr. JP Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorRichard A. Grünewald
Royal Hallamshire Hospital Sheffield, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Koutroumanidis
St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorZarko Martinovic
Belgrade University Medical School, Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro
Search for more papers by this authorDouglas R Nordli Jr
Children's Memorial Hospital, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
Search for more papers by this authorPasquale Parisi
Department of Pediatrics, La Sapienza 2, University c/o Sant’Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorFederico Vigevano
Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorMatthew C. Walker
Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorHarumi Yoshinaga
Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorChrysostomos P Panayiotopoulos
St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Summary: Purpose: To discuss and propose a definition of autonomic status epilepticus (SE), describe its clinical and EEG features, and review what is known about its epidemiology, pathophysiology, differential diagnosis, and management.
Methods: An international consortium of established researchers in the field was identified from their published work, agreed the purpose of the project, searched the literature, and, by use of e-mail communication, agreed the consensus document.
Results: Autonomic SE is a condition lasting at least 30 min and characterized by epileptic activity causing altered autonomic function of any type at seizure onset or in which manifestations consistent with altered autonomic function are prominent (quantitatively dominant or clinically important) even if not present at seizure onset. It is best described, and probably most commonly encountered in children, with Panayiotopoulos syndrome. However, it also occurs in children with symptomatic epilepsies and, exceptionally, in adults. Its pathogenesis and most appropriate management are poorly understood
Conclusions: It is hoped that this document will help clinical recognition of Autonomic SE, reduce misdiagnosis, and promote further interest and studies into what has been a relatively neglected area.
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