Volume 21, Issue 6 pp. 663-680
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Multi-institutional Study on the Teratogenicity and Fetal Toxicity of Antiepileptic Drugs: A Report of a Collaborative Study Group in Japan

Yoshibumi Nakane

Corresponding Author

Yoshibumi Nakane

Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry

2 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 7-1 Sakamoto-Machi, Nagasaki 852, Japan.Search for more papers by this author
Teruo Okuma

Teruo Okuma

Tohoku University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry

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Ryo Takahashi

Ryo Takahashi

Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry

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Yorio Sato

Yorio Sato

Tokyo University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry

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Toyoji Wada

Toyoji Wada

National Epilepsy Center Shizuoka-Higashi Hospital

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Tokijiro Sato

Tokijiro Sato

Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry

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Yutaka Fukushima

Yutaka Fukushima

Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry

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Hisashi Kumashiro

Hisashi Kumashiro

Fukushima Medical College, Department of Neuropsychiatry

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Tsuneo Ono

Tsuneo Ono

Fukushima Medical College, Department of Neuropsychiatry

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Takeo Takahashi

Corresponding Author

Takeo Takahashi

2 Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 7-1 Sakamoto-Machi, Nagasaki 852, Japan.Search for more papers by this author
Yasunori Aoki

Yasunori Aoki

National Sendai Hospital, Department of Psychiatry

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Hajime Kazamatsuri

Hajime Kazamatsuri

National Sendai Hospital, Department of Psychiatry

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Masaaki Inami

Masaaki Inami

Kitazato University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry

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Sumiya Komai

Sumiya Komai

National Musashi Research Institute for Mental and Nervous Disease

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Masakazu Seino

Masakazu Seino

National Epilepsy Center Shizuoka-Higashi Hospital

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Masako Miyakoshi

Masako Miyakoshi

National Epilepsy Center Shizuoka-Higashi Hospital

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Takashi Tanimura

Takashi Tanimura

Kinki University School of Medicine, Department of 1st Anatomy

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Hidebumi Hazama

Hidebumi Hazama

Tottori University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry

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Ryuzo Kawahara

Ryuzo Kawahara

Tottori University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry

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Saburo Otsuki

Saburo Otsuki

Okayama University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry

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Kiyoshi Hosokawa

Kiyoshi Hosokawa

Okayama University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry

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Kazutoyo Inanaga

Kazutoyo Inanaga

Kurume University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry

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Yoichi Nakazawa

Yoichi Nakazawa

Kurume University School of Medicine, Department of Neuropsychiatry

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Koichi Yamamoto

Koichi Yamamoto

Tokyo Police Hospital, Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology

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First published: December 1980
Citations: 241

Abstract

Summary: A multi-institutional collaborative study was conducted concerning the course of pregnancy and delivery and the incidence of abnormal infants delivered of epileptic women. Of 657 women receiving antiepileptic drugs, 73% delivered live infants, 14% had miscarriage or stillbirth, and 13% underwent induced abortion. In contrast to the above findings, 80% of 162 patients not receiving antiepileptic drugs delivered live infants and 4% had miscarriage or stillbirth. The latter outcome was significantly increased in the medicated patients. In this series, 63 (9.9%) of 638 live births were malformed, 55 (11.5%) being from medicated mothers and 3 (2.3%) from nonmedicated mothers. The incidence of fetal malformation in medicated mothers was thus five times as high as that in nonmedicated mothers. Cleft lip and/or palate and malformations involving the cardiovascular system were found frequently in the infants from medicated mothers. General background factors that might exert teratogenic effects on pregnant patients with epilepsy were studied, and the potential toxicity of antiepileptic drugs to the fetus was also analyzed. In this regard, consideration should be given to whether the patient has partial epileptic seizures, whether the patient herself exhibits any malformation, or whether her previous pregnancy resulted in an abnormal outcome. The incidence of fetal malformation was the highest (12.7%) in the medicated patients who had epileptic seizures during the pregnancy. It is presumed on the basis of the results of analysis of the data that a combination of more than three drugs and a daily dose greater than a certain minimal level is likely to produce malformed infants.

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

In vielen Institutionen wurde eine kollaborative Studie uber den Verlauf der Schwangerschaft, der Geburt und die Haufigkeit von Abnormitaten bei Kin-dern von Schwangeren mit Epilepsie durchgefuhrt. 73% der 657 Frauen unter antiepileptischer Therapie bekamen lebende Kinder, 14% hatte eine Fehl- oder Totgeburt und bei 13% wurde ein Abort eingeleitet ImGegensatz zu diesen Ergebnissen hatten 80% von 162 Patienten ohne Antiepileptica Lebendgeburten, 4% eine Fehloder Totgeburt. Die letztere war signifikant hoher bei den Patientinnen, die Antiepileptica erhielten. In dieser Serie waren 63 von 638 Lebendgeburten (9.9%) miRbildet, 55 (1 1.5%) stammten von therapier-ten Muttern, 3 (2,3)%) von nicht therapierten Muttern.

Die Haufigkeit fetaler Fehlbildungen bei therapierten war 5mal hoher als bei nicht therapierten Muttern. Lippen- und/oder Gaumenspalte und MiRbildungen im kardiovaskularen Bereich wurden haufig bei Kindern therapierter Mutter gefunden. Die allgemeinen Hintergrundsfaktoren, die einen teratogenen EinfluR auf Schwangere mit Epilepsie ausuben konnten, wurden untersucht und die mogliche Toxicitat der Antiepileptica auf den Fetus analysiert. In diesen Untersuchungen sollte berucksichtigt werden, ob der Patient fokale epileptische Anfalle hat, o b e r selbst eine MiDbildung hat oder ob fruhere Schwangerschaften abnorm endeten. Die Haufigkeit der fetalen Fehlbildungen war am groRten (12.7%) bei therapiertenPatienten, die epileptische Anfalle wahrend der Schwangerschaft bekamen. Aufgrund dieser Resultate wird angenommen, daR die Kombination von mehr als 3 Medikamenten und eine tagliche Dosierung oberhalb eines Grenzwertes wahrscheinlich zu fehlgebildeten Kindern fuhren.

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