Eulophine parasitoids of the genus Trichospilus in Indonesia, with the description of two new species (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Diagnosis. Small (0.9–2.0 mm long); body predominantly yellow-orange or almost brown; head short; frontovertex convex, with sparse hairs; scrobes depressed, horseshoe-shaped; eye relatively large, oval; antennal torulus situated at or below the level of ventral margin of eye; antenna short, with scape short and slender, funicle consisting of two articles, and clava of three articles; pronotum large, with four long setae (paired dorsolateral setae and one laterally) along posterior margin; notaulus complete, reaching posterior margin of mesoscutum; median disk of mesoscutum with two pairs of setae; scutellum without sublateral groove, with two pairs of setae; propodeal median carina ending anteriorly in small lamina; plica present; metasoma semioval in dorsal view and flat dorsally, with petiole (=segment I) short and transverse.

Diagnosis. This species is characterized by the granulated sculpture on the vertex, pronotum and mesoscutum (1–5, 6–13), the disk of scutellum with fine longitudinal striation on the entire surface (1–5, 6–13), and the axilla finely striated.

Female. Body length 1.1–1.2 mm (holotype 1.15 mm). Forewing length 0.7–0.8 mm (holotype 0.7 mm).

Head and mesosoma brown; antennal scape and pedicel yellowish brown; anelli, funicle and clava pale yellow; legs brown, except fore and mid coxae pale yellow, and hind coxa dark brown. Metasomal terga brown, except for anterior margin of tergum I, lateral margins of terga III and IV, and median parts of terga V–VII, all dark brown (Fig. 1); sterna brown, but anterior and posterior margins of each sternum black; ovipositor sheath black.

Head in frontal view (Fig. 3) approximately 1.2-fold as wide as high, and approximately 1.1-fold as wide as mesoscutal width. Vertex finely granulated. Eyes with sparse, short setae; ocellocular distance (=distance between posterior ocellus to inner eye margin) much shorter than distance between posterior ocellus and anterior ocellus; distance between posterior ocelli approximately 4.5-fold as long as ocellocular distance. Scape, at rest, ending at the lower margin of anterior ocellus; pedicel 1.2-fold as long as first funicular article; first and second funicular articles equal in length; clava approximately three-fold as long as first funicular article (Figs 1,2). Scrobes finely granulated (Figs 1,3). Malar space approximately 0.3-fold as long as eye height; malar sulcus straight (Fig. 2).

Pronotum without transverse carina, finely granulated (Fig. 1). Median lobe of mesoscutum more coarsely granulated than vertex, with two pairs of thick black setae (1–5, 6–13); lateral lobe finely granulated, with two thick setae; axilla finely striated. Entire surface of scutellar disk finely striated (1–5, 6–13). Dorsellum smooth, broad, approximately 0.3-fold as long as scutellar disk. Propodeum 0.4-fold as long as scutellar disk, smooth, engraved with reticulation around propodeal spiracle; callus with five setae (1–5, 6–13).

Lateral margins of metasomal terga and most of tergum VI with sparse hairs.

Hind coxa finely reticulate dorsally; first tarsomere of hind leg slightly shorter than second. Forewing 2.5-fold as long as broad (1–5, 6–13); submarginal vein with three dorsal setae; ratio of lengths of submarginal, marginal, stigmal and postmarginal veins 25:42:8:11; basal cell and speculum bare, remaining parts of forewing densely pubescent; area behind proximal part of marginal vein and most area behind stigmal vein with dark infuscation.

Male. Unknown.

Holotype. ♀ (MZB), labeled “Indonesia, South Sulawesi, Maros, Leang-leang, 04°59′N 119°40′E, 18.ix.2003, R. Ubaidillah & J. Kojima, sweep sample” and “♀Trichospilus striatus Ubaidillah, sp. nov. Holotype.”

Paratypes. 2♀ (IUNH, MNHN), South Sulawesi: Bantimurung, secondary seasonal forest, 20 m, 31.vii−11.viii.2005, Dougeron, C. Villemant.

Distribution. Known only from South Sulawesi.

Host. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific name, striatus, is a Latin adjective for “striped,” referring to the distinct striation on the scutellar disk.

Remarks. Trichospilus striatus sp. nov. is very similar to T. boopsBouček (1976) from the Afrotropics, but it can be distinguished from the latter by having the scutellar disk with striation on its entire surface (Figs 1,4), the vertex and frons finely granulated, and the metasomal terga with three black spots on each lateral margin and one black spot on the last tergum.

Diagnosis. This species is characterized by having the mesoscutal median disk smooth and shiny in the posterior half (Fig. 7), the basal line of the forewing with three thick black hairs, and the area behind the proximal end of the marginal vein with dense dark hairs.

Female. Body length 0.9–1.1 mm (holotype, 1.1 mm). Forewing length 0.7–0.8 mm (holotype 0.8 mm).

Body light brown; scape yellowish brown, with apex dark brown; pedicel and funicle dark brown; clava yellowish brown, paler in apex; all legs yellowish brown. Metasomal terga dark brown, except for posterior parts of terga I and II light brown; sterna yellowish brown, but anterior and posterior margins of each sternum black; ovipositor sheath black.

Head in frontal view wider than high, approximately 1.1-fold as wide as mesoscutal width. Vertex smooth (Fig. 4). Eye with sparse short setae (Figs 4,5); ocellocular distance shorter than distance between posterior ocellus and anterior ocellus; distance between posterior ocelli approximately two-fold as long as ocellocular distance. Scape, at rest, ending at the lower margin of anterior ocellus; pedicel 1.3-fold as long as first funicular article; first funicular article slightly thinner than second article and approximately 0.9-fold as long as the second (Figs 4,5). Scrobe finely reticulate, distinctly wider than high. Malar space approximately 0.3-fold as long as eye height, with elongated shallow groove running from lower margin of eye to lateral margin of antennal torulus; malar sulcus straight, without small fovea on eye margin (Fig. 5).

Pronotum without transverse carina, reticulately sculptured (Fig. 7). Mesoscutal median lobe finely reticulate in anterior half, smooth and shiny in posterior half; axilla smooth and shiny (1–5, 6–13). Scutellar median disk finely striated, but posterior half to two thirds of median part smooth (1–5, 6–13). Propodeum approximately 0.7-fold as long as scutellar disk, smooth, with reticulation around propodeal spiracle (Fig. 7).

Hind coxa finely reticulate dorsally; first tarsomere of hind leg slightly shorter than the second. Forewing 2.5-fold as long as broad; submarginal vein with four dorsal setae; ratio of lengths of submarginal, marginal, stigmal and postmarginal veins 25:30:10:18; basal cell and speculum bare; basal line with three thick hairs; area behind proximal part of marginal vein clothed with dense hairs (1–5, 6–13).

Male. Unknown.

Holotype. ♀ (MZB), labeled “Indonesia, West Java, Bandung, Cimidy, Gunung Patuha 07°09′59′ S 107°24′39′, 13.x.2004. Coll. R. Ubaidillah” and “♀Trichospilus politus Ubaidillah, sp. nov. Holotype.”

Paratype. 1♀ (MZB), Domoga Bone National Park, Torout, Sulawesi, vs 1985, J.S. Noyes.

Distribution. Known only from West Java and North Sulawesi.

Host. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific name, politus, is a Latin adjective for “polished,” referring to the mesoscutal median disk being polished or smooth in the posterior half.

Remarks. This species is very similar to T. diatraeae (six specimens from Pakistan and 17 specimens from India deposited in the ANIC and identified by J. LaSalle were examined); both have the vertex smooth, an infuscate spot distal to the speculum of the forewing, and the area behind the proximal part of the marginal vein with dense hairs (Figs 11,12). However, they can be separated from each other by the condition of the mesoscutal median lobe, which is finely reticulated on its entire surface in T. diatraeae (Fig. 9), whereas it is smooth in the posterior half in T. politus (Fig. 7). Also, the metasomal terga of T. politus are brown, whereas they are marked with a longitudinal dark brown band in T. diatraeae.

Diagnosis. This species can be easily distinguished from other Trichospilus species by the mesoscutal disk being finely reticulate, the forewing having two tufts of thick erect black hairs, one just behind the proximal end of the parastigma and the other behind the proximal end of the marginal vein (Fig. 13), and the metasoma being predominantly dark brown with a yellowish-brown spot on tergum I.

Specimens examined. Indonesia: 2♀ (MZB), Ciburayut, Gombong, Sukabumi, West Java, 18–14.vi.2004, M. Rofik, Malaise traps; 1♀ (MZB), Bogor Botanical Garden, Bogor, 8.v.2002. R. Ubaidillah; 1♀ (MNHN), Bantimurung, secondary seasonal forest, South Sulawesi, 20 m, 31.vii−11.viii.2005, Dougeron, C. Villemant.

Distribution. This species is South-East Asian in origin, but has been imported into other areas of the world. It has been recorded from Mauritania, Barbados, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Malaysia, Indonesia and New Guinea (Noyes 2003).

Host. Noctuid and Pyralid moths (Noyes 2003).

Remarks. This species was described by Ferrière (1930) based on specimens from India, Sri Lanka, the Malay Peninsula and Java. Bouček (1976) designated the specimen from Coimbatore, India, as the lectotype. This species is distinctive in Trichospilus in having two tufts of thick erect black hairs on the forewing.