Pulmonary oedema in healthy SCUBA divers: new physiopathological pathways
M. Coulange
Service de Médecine Hyperbare, Pôle RUSH, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorP. Rossi
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorO. Gargne
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorY. Gole
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Bessereau
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Regnard
Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire EA 3920, Université de Franche-Conté, Besançon, France
Search for more papers by this authorY. Jammes
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorA. Barthélémy
Service de Médecine Hyperbare, Pôle RUSH, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorJ. P. Auffray
Service de Médecine Hyperbare, Pôle RUSH, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorA. Boussuges
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorM. Coulange
Service de Médecine Hyperbare, Pôle RUSH, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorP. Rossi
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorO. Gargne
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorY. Gole
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Bessereau
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Regnard
Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire EA 3920, Université de Franche-Conté, Besançon, France
Search for more papers by this authorY. Jammes
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorA. Barthélémy
Service de Médecine Hyperbare, Pôle RUSH, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorJ. P. Auffray
Service de Médecine Hyperbare, Pôle RUSH, Hôpital Sainte Marguerite, Marseille
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorA. Boussuges
Unité Mixte de Recherche-Ministère de la Défense « Physiologie et Physiopathologie en Condition d’Oxygénation Extrême », Université de la Méditerranée et IRBA, Marseille
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
Introduction: The mechanism of immersion pulmonary oedema occurring in healthy divers is a matter of debate. Among consecutive injured divers admitted to our hyperbaric centre, we analysed prospective data about pulmonary oedema.
Method: A total of 22 divers suffering from immersion pulmonary oedema without cardiac disease were included. The occurrence of events was compared to the diving conditions as assessed by diving-computer. Each patient underwent a clinical examination, laboratory tests, thoracic CT scan and echocardiography.
Results: The median age was 49 years, with a higher proportion of women, in comparison with the data of the French diving federation. The common feature was the occurrence of respiratory symptoms during the ascent after median dive duration of 29 min with strenuous exercise and/or psychological stress. Most of the dives were deep (37 msw–121 fsw) in cool water (15°C-59°F). The average inspired oxygen partial pressure was 0·99 bar. Progression was rapidly favourable, and the medical check-up after clinical recovery was normal.
Conclusion: Immersion, body cooling, hyperoxia, increased hydrostatic pressure and strenuous exercise likely combine to induce pulmonary oedema in patients without cardiac disease. This study underlines new physiopathological tracks related to the frequent occurrence of symptoms noticed in the last part of the ascent and a higher incidence in women.
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