CEREBRAL PALSY AND NEWBORN CARE. II: MORTALITY AND NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT IN LOW-BIRTHWEIGHT INFANTS
John L. Kiely
The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, The School of Public Health and the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032.
Search for more papers by this authorNigel Paneth
The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, The School of Public Health and the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032.
Search for more papers by this authorZena Stein
The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, The School of Public Health and the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032.
Search for more papers by this authorMervyn Susser
The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, The School of Public Health and the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032.
Search for more papers by this authorJohn L. Kiely
The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, The School of Public Health and the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032.
Search for more papers by this authorNigel Paneth
The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, The School of Public Health and the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032.
Search for more papers by this authorZena Stein
The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, The School of Public Health and the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032.
Search for more papers by this authorMervyn Susser
The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, The School of Public Health and the Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032.
Search for more papers by this author
REFERENCES
- 1 McDonald, A. D. (1967) Children of Very Low Birthweight. M.E.I.U. Monograph, No. I.. London : S.I.M.P. with Heinemann.
- 2 Churchill, J. A., Masland, R. L., Naylor, A. A., Ashworth, M. R. (1974) ‘The etiology of cerebral palsy in pre-term infants. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 16, 143–149.
- 3 Schaffer, A. J., Avery, M. E. (1971) Diseases of the Newborn, 3rd edn. Philadelphia : Saunders, p. 29.
- 4 Erkan, N. V., Stark, C. R., Cardany, G. (1972) ‘An evaluation of newborn mortality and prematurity at Columbia Hospital for Women, Washington, D.C. Medical Annals of the District of Columbia, 41, 152–155.
- 5 Schlesinger, E. R. (1973) ‘Neonatal intensive care: planning for services and outcomes following care. Journal of Pediatrics, 82, 916–920.
- 6 Kendall, N. (1974) ‘The challenge of neonatal mortality in an urban hospital. Health Service Reports, 89, 263–266.
- 7 Lee, K.-S., Eidelman, A. I., Randall, S. R., Gartner, L. M. (1976) ‘Quality of care versus neonatal mortality rate. Journal of Pediatrics, 89, 161.
- 8 Usher, R. (1979) ‘Changing mortality rates with perinatal intensive care and regionalization. Seminars in Perinatology, 3, 309–319.
- 9 Bowes, W. A., Halgrimson, M., Simmons, M. A. (1979) ‘Results of the intensive perinatal management of very-low-birthweight infants (501–1500 grams). Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 23, 245–250.
- 10 Hack, M., Fanaroff, A. A., Merkatz, I. R. (1979) ‘Current concepts: the low-birth-weight infant. New England Journal of Medicine, 301, 1162–1165.
- 11 Dunn, P. M., Spiedel, B. D., Fleming, P. J. (1979) ‘Intensive care and the very-low-birthweight infant. Lancet. 2, 254–255. (Letter.) .
- 12 Philip, A. G. A. (1979) ‘Intensive care and the very-low-birthweight infant. Lancet, 2, 255. (Letter.) .
- 13 Roberton, N. R. C. (1979) ‘Intensive care and the very-low-birthweight infant. Lancet, 2, 362. (Letter.) .
- 14 Brown, E. R., Taeusch, H. W. (1979) ‘Intensive care and the very-low-birthweight infant. Lancet, 2, 362–363. (Letter.) .
- 15 Gamsu, H. R., Light, F., Potter, A., Price, J. F. (1979) ‘Intensive care and the very-low-birthweight infant. Lancet, 2, 736. (Letter.) .
- 16 Nelson, K. B., Resnick, M. B., Eitzman, D. B. (1979) ‘Intensive care and the very-low-birthweight infant. Lancet, 2, 255. (Letter.) .
- 17 Alberman, E. D. (1974) ‘Stillbirths and neonatal mortality in England and Wales by birthweight, 1953–71. Health Trends, 6, 14–17.
- 18 Pharoah, P. O. D., Alberman, E. D. (1981) ‘Mortality of low birthweight infants in England and Wales, 1953 to 1979. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 56, 86–89.
- 19 Pakter, J., Nelson, F. (1974) ‘Factors in the unprecedented decline in infant mortality in New York City. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 50, 839–868.
- 20 Kleinman, J. C., Kovar, M. G., Feldman, J. J., Young, C. C. (1978) ‘A comparison of 1960 and 1973–1974 early neonatal mortality in selected states. American Journal of Epidemiology, 108, 454–469.
- 21 Abernathy, J. R., Greenberg, B. G., Donnelly, J. F. (1966) ‘Application of discriminant functions in perinatal death and survival. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 95, 860–867.
- 22 Bergner, L., Susser, M. (1970) ‘Low birthweight and prenatal nutrition: an interpretive review. Pediatrics, 46, 946–966.
- 23 Shah, F. K., Abbey, H. (1971) ‘Effects of some factors on neonatal and postneonatal mortality. Analysis by a binary variable multiple regression method. Millbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 49, 33–57.
- 24 Susser, M. W., Marolla, F. A., Fleiss, J. (1972) ‘Birthweight, fetal age and perinatal mortality. American Journal of Epidemiology, 96, 197–204.
- 25 Lee, K.-S., Paneth, N., Gartner, L. M., Pearlman, M. A., Gruss, L. (1980) ‘Neonatal mortality: an analysis of the recent improvement in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 70, 15–21.
- 26 Lee, K.-S., Gartner, L. M., Paneth, N., Tyler, L. (1981) ‘ Recent trends in neonatal mortality: the Canadian experience.
- 27 Stewart, A. L., Turcan, D. M., Rawlings, G., Hart, S., Gregory, S. (1978) ‘ Outcome for infants at high risk of major handicap. In: Major Mental Handicap: Methods and Costs of Prevention. Ciba Foundation Symposium 59. Amsterdam : Elsevier, pp. 151–164.
- 28
Fitzhardinge, P. M.,
Kalman, E.,
Ashby, S.,
Pope, K. E. (1978) ‘ Present status of the infant of very low birthweight treated in a referral neonatal intensive care unit in 1974.
In: Major Mental Handicap: Methods and Costs of Prevention. Ciba Foundation Symposium 59.
Amsterdam
: Elsevier, pp. 139–144.
10.1002/9780470720417.ch8 Google Scholar
- 29 Reynolds, E. O. R., Stewart, A. L. (1979) ‘Intensive care and the very-low-birthweight infant. Lancet, 2, 254.
- 30 Stewart, A. L. (1979) ‘ Developmental outcome in very low birthweight infants with and without RDS. Paper presented at the SCOR Co-ordination Workshop on Pulmonary and Neurological Follow-up, Sugarbush, Vermont, June 22–23.
- 31 Stewart, A. L., Turcan, D. M., Rawlings, G., Reynolds, E. O. R. (1977) ‘Prognosis for infants weighing 1000g or less at birth. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 52, 97–104.
- 32 Calame, A., Prod'hom, L. S. (1972) ‘Prognostic vital et qualite de survie des prématurés pesant 1500g et moins a la naissance en 1966–1968. Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift. 102, 65–70.
- 33 Drillien, C. M. (1961) ‘The incidence of mental and physical handicaps in school-age children of very low birthweight. Pediatrics, 27, 452–464.
- 34 Lubchenco, L. O., Horner, F. A., Reed, L. H., Hix, I. E., Metcalf, D., Cohig, R., Elliott, H. C., Bourg, M. (1963) ‘Sequelae of premature birth. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 106, 101–115.
- 35 Ellenberg, J. H., Nelson, K. B. (1979) ‘Birthweight and gestational age in children with cerebral palsy or seizure disorders. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 133, 1044–1048.
- 36 Pharoah, P. O. D. (1976) ‘Obstetric and neonatal care related to outcome: a comparison of two maternity hospitals. British Journal of Preventive and Social Medicine, 30, 257–261.
- 37 Steiner, E. S., Sanders, E. M., Phillips, E. C., Maddock, C. R. (1980) ‘Very low birth weight children at school age: comparison of neonatal management methods. British Medical, Journal, 281, 1237–1240.
- 38 Jones, R. A. K., Cummins, M., Davies, P. A. (1979) ‘Infants of very low birthweight: a 15-year analysis. Lancet, 1, 1332–1335.
- 39 Kitchen, W. H., Ryan, M. M., Rickards, A., Gaudry, E., Brenton, A.M., Billson, F. A., Fortune, D. W., Keir, E. H., Lundahl-Hegedus, E. E. (1978) ‘A longitudinal study of very-low-birthweight infants. I: Study design and mortality rates. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 20, 605–618.
- 40 Kitchen, W. H., Rickards, A., Ryan, M. M., McDougal, A. B., Billson, F. A., Keir, E. H., Naylor, F. D. (1979) ‘A longitudinal study of very-low-birthweight infants. II: Results of a controlled trial of intensive care and incidence of handicap. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 21, 582–589.
- 41 Alden, E. R., Mandelkorn, T., Woodrum, D. E., Wennberg, R. P., Parks, C. R., Hodson, W. A. (1972) ‘Morbidity and mortality of infants weighing less than 1,000 grams in an intensive care nursery. Pediatrics, 50, 40–49.
- 42 Dweck, H. S., Saxon, S. A., Benton, J. W., Cassady, G. (1973) ‘Early development of the tiny premature infant. American Journal of Diseases of Children. 126, 28–34.
- 43 Grassy, R. G., Hubbard, C., Graven, S. N., Zachman, R. D. (1976) ‘The growth and development of low birthweight infants receiving intensive neonatal care. Clinical Pediatrics, 15, 549–553.
- 44 Stewart, A., Reynolds, E. O. R. (1974) ‘Improved prognosis for infants of very low birthweight. Pediatrics. 54, 724–735.
- 45 Bhat, R., Raju, T. N. K., Vidyasagar, D. (1978) ‘Immediate and long-term outcome of infants less than 1000 grams. Critical Care Medicine, 6, 147–150.
- 46 Pape, K. E. Buncic, R. J., Ashby, S., Fitzhardinge, P. M. (1978) ‘The status at two years of low-birthweight infants born in 1974 with birth weights less than 1.001gm. Journal of Pediatrics. 92, 253–260.
- 47 Pomerance, J. J., Ukrainski, C. T., Ukra, T., Hendeson, D. H., Nash, A. H., Meredith, J. L. (1978) ‘Cost of living for infants weighing 1000 grams or less at birth. Pediatrics, 61, 908–910.
- 48 Bethenod, M., Bourgeois, J., Sonn, L., Cottancin, G., Rigal, D., Fou, M., Vachet, M. F., Saunler, B. (1979) ‘Evolution des enfants nes avec un très petit poids de naissance: 139 cas de poids inférieur a 1001g nes entre 1967 et 1976. Pédiatrie, 34, 573–593.
- 49 Driscoll, J. M., Driscoll, Y. T., Steir, M. H., Stark, R. I., Dangman, B. C., Perez, A., Wung, J.-T., Kritz, P. (1981) ‘ Mortality and morbidity in infants less than 1001 grams birthweight.
- 50 Drillien, C. M. (1972) ‘Aetiology and outcome in low-birthweight infants. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 14, 563–574.
- 51 Lubchenco, L. O., Bard, H., Goldman, A. L., Coyer, W. E., McIntyre, C., Smith, D. M. (1974) ‘Newborn intensive care and long-term prognosis. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 16, 421–431.
- 52 Hommers, M., Kendall, A. C. (1976) ‘The prognosis of very low birthweight infants. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 18, 745–752.
- 53 Black, B., Brown, C., Thomas, D. (1977) ‘A follow-up study of 58 preschool children less than 1,500 grams birthweight. Australian Paediatric Journal, 13, 265–270.
- 54 Koops, B. L. (1978) ‘Neurologic sequelae in infants with intrauterine growth retardation. Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 21, 343–351.
- 55 Mercer, H. P., Lancaster, P. A. L., Weiner, T., Gupta, J. M. (1978) ‘Very low birthweight infants: a follow-up study. Medical Journal of Australia, 2, 581–584.
- 56 Congdon, P. J., Lealman, G. T. (1980) ‘Low-birth-weight infants in Bradford 1972–9. British Medical Journal, 281, 594–596.