CTLA-4 gene promoter and exon 1 polymorphisms in Iranian patients with gastric and colorectal cancers
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a potent immunoregulatory molecule that suppresses antitumor response by down-regulating T-cell activation. Effects of several polymorphisms in CTLA-4 on CTLA-4 expression and function have been previously documented. The aim of this study was to investigate the putative effect of CTLA-4 polymorphisms on susceptibility to gastric and colorectal cancers in an Iranian population.
Methods: A total of 155 patients (109 with colorectal cancer and 46 with gastric cancer) and 190 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were evaluated. Genotyping of −1722T/C, −1661A/G, and +49A/G were performed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism methods and of −318C/T by a PCR amplification refractory mutation system technique.
Results: No statistically significant differences were found in the genotype distribution and allele frequencies among patients and controls. Haplotype analysis demonstrated that the TACG haplotype (−1722T, −1661A, −318C, +49G) frequency was significant increased in patients with colorectal cancer (P = 0.009) and gastric cancer (P = 0.006) in comparison to the control group. In contrast, the TACA haplotype frequency was significantly decreased in patients with colorectal cancer (P = 0.02) and not significantly decreased in patients with gastric cancer (P = 0.13) compared to the control group.
Conclusion: A positive association between CTLA-4 TACG haplotype and gastric and colorectal cancers was found in an Iranian population. A protective role for TACA haplotype is postulated.