Psychosocial and behavioural factors in heart transplant candidates – an overview
Heike Spaderna,
Jacqueline M. A. Smits,
Axel O. Rahmel,
Gerdi Weidner,
Heike Spaderna
Psychological Institute, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorJacqueline M. A. Smits
Eurotransplant International Foundation, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorAxel O. Rahmel
Eurotransplant International Foundation, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorGerdi Weidner
Preventive Medicine Research Institute, Sausalito, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorHeike Spaderna,
Jacqueline M. A. Smits,
Axel O. Rahmel,
Gerdi Weidner,
Heike Spaderna
Psychological Institute, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorJacqueline M. A. Smits
Eurotransplant International Foundation, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorAxel O. Rahmel
Eurotransplant International Foundation, Leiden, The Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorGerdi Weidner
Preventive Medicine Research Institute, Sausalito, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDr Heike Spaderna, Psychologisches Institut, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudingerweg 9, 5512 Mainz, Germany. Tel.: +49 6131 39 22683; fax: +49 6131 39 22483; e-mail: [email protected]
Summary
Mortality among heart transplant (HTX) candidates remains high. This review of the literature shows that psychosocial characteristics like depression, social isolation and coping strategies contribute to morbidity and mortality in heart failure (HF) patients, and may also be relevant to the prognosis of HTX candidates. Based on the research to date, physical activity favourably affects subjective and objective parameters not only in HF patients, but also in HTX candidates. Depression is prevalent among HTX candidates, especially in ischaemic patients, and seems to be related to earlier transplantation. Findings on the effects of depression on pretransplant mortality are conflicting. Not much is known concerning social isolation, coping, nutrition, or weight loss in this patient group. Identification of modifiable psychosocial and behavioural variables related to clinical status in this patient group is clearly needed and will aid the development of behavioural interventions to supplement medical therapies.
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