Development and implementation of guidelines in allergic rhinitis – an ARIA-GA2LEN paper
J. Bousquet
University Hospital, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, and INSERM, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Villejuif, France
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorH. J. Schünemann
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorT. Zuberbier
Allergy Centre Charité, Charité– Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorC. Bachert
Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorC. E. Baena-Cagnani
Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina and Faculty of Specialization – Respiratory Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorP. J. Bousquet
University Hospital, Nîmes, France
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Brozek
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorG. W. Canonica
Allergy & Respiratory Diseases Clinic, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorP. Demoly
University Hospital of Montpellier – Inserm U657, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorR. Gerth van Wijk
Section of Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorE. D. Bateman
Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Search for more papers by this authorM. Calderon
Allergy Unit, Imperial College, London, UK
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorA. A. Cruz
Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, UFBA, and CNPq, Bahia, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorR. F. Lockey
Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Lötvall
University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorO. Spranger
EFA (European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients Associations), Brussels, Belgium
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorA. Togias
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorS. Bonini
Second University of Naples, INMM-CNR, Rome, Italy
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorL. P. Boulet
Institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de l’Hôpital Laval and Université Laval, Laval, QC, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorP. Camargos
Medical School, University Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorK. H. Carlsen
Department of Paediatrics, Ullevål University Hospital and The Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorN. H. Chavannes
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorL. Delgado
Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorS. R. Durham
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorW. J. Fokkens
Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Fonseca
Allergy, Hospital S. Joao & Instituto, CUF; CINTESIS, Porto University Medical School, Porto, Portugal
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorT. Haahtela
Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorO. Kalayci
Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
Search for more papers by this authorM. L. Kowalski
Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorD. Larenas-Linnemann
Allergy Department, Hospital Médica Sur, Mexico city, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Li
Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical School, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorY. Mohammad
Tishreen University School of Medicine, Lattakia, Syria
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Mullol
Hospital Clínic i Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERES. Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorR. E. O’Hehir
Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorN. Papadopoulos
Allergy Research Center, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorG. Passalacqua
Allergy & Respiratory Diseases Clinic, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorK. F. Rabe
Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorD. Ryan
Woodbrook Medical Centre, Loughborough, England And University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Search for more papers by this authorE. Valovirta
Terveystalo Turku, Turku, Finland
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorA. Yorgancioglu
Celal Bayar University School of Medicine Department of Pulmonology, Manisa, Turkey
Search for more papers by this authorO. M. Yusuf
The Allergy & Asthma Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorI. Annesi-Maesano
EPAR U707 INSERM and EPAR UMR-S UPMC, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorB. Beghe
Department of Oncology, Haematology and Respiratory Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorM. S. Blaiss
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorD. A. Boakye
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Bouchard
Université Laval, Laval, QC, and Hôpital de la Malbaie, la Malbaie, QC, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorP. G. Burney
National Heart & Lung Institute at Imperial College, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorW. W. Busse
Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorM. Chan-Yeung
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorY. Chen
National Cooperative Group of Pediatric Research on Asthma, Asthma Clinic and Education Center of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Peking, China
Search for more papers by this authorA. G. Chuchalin
Pulmonology Research Institute and Russian Respiratory Society, Moscow, Russia
Search for more papers by this authorD. J. Costa
Primary Care Department, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Denburg
AllerGen NCE, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorH. Douagui
Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Béni-Messous, Algiers, Algeria
Search for more papers by this authorR. Emuzyte
Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
Search for more papers by this authorL. Grouse
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorM. Humbert
Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Université Paris-Sud, Clamart, France
Search for more papers by this authorC. Jackson
Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
Search for more papers by this authorS. L. Johnston
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorM. A. Kaliner
Geo Washington University School of Medicine, Washington DC – Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorP. Kuna
Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Search for more papers by this authorL. T. Le
University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
Search for more papers by this authorC. Lemiere
Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorJ. L. Malo
Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorE. O. Meltzer
Allergy & Asthma Medical Group & Research Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorM. Morais-Almeida
Immunoallergy Department, CUF-Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorC. Motala
School of Child and Adolescent Health, UCT and Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Search for more papers by this authorK. Nekam
Hospital of the Hospitaller Brothers in Buda, Budapest, Hungary
Search for more papers by this authorE. Nizankowska-Mogilnicka
Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorS. Ouedraogo
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
Search for more papers by this authorS. Palkonen
EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations, Brussels, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorT. A. Popov
Clinic of Allergy and Asthma, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Rosado-Pinto
Immunoallergy Department, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorT. M. Sooronbaev
National Centre Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Search for more papers by this authorS. W. Stoloff
University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
Search for more papers by this authorE. Toskala
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorO. Vandenplas
University Hospital of Mont-Godinne, Catholic University of Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorC. Van Weel
Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorG. Viegi
CNR Institutes of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Palermo, and of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Pisa, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorD. Y. Wang
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorM. Wickman
Sachs’ Children’s Hospital, Stockholm, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Search for more papers by this authorD. Williams
School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorB. P. Yawn
Olmsted Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorH. J. Zar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Search for more papers by this authorM. Zernotti
Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorN. Zhong
Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorIn collaboration with the WHO Collaborating Center of Asthma and Rhinitis (Montpellier)
University Hospital, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, and INSERM, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Villejuif, France
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Bousquet
University Hospital, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, and INSERM, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Villejuif, France
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorH. J. Schünemann
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorT. Zuberbier
Allergy Centre Charité, Charité– Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorC. Bachert
Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorC. E. Baena-Cagnani
Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina and Faculty of Specialization – Respiratory Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorP. J. Bousquet
University Hospital, Nîmes, France
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Brozek
Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, and Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorG. W. Canonica
Allergy & Respiratory Diseases Clinic, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorP. Demoly
University Hospital of Montpellier – Inserm U657, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorR. Gerth van Wijk
Section of Allergology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorE. D. Bateman
Health Sciences Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Search for more papers by this authorM. Calderon
Allergy Unit, Imperial College, London, UK
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorA. A. Cruz
Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, UFBA, and CNPq, Bahia, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorR. F. Lockey
Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Lötvall
University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorO. Spranger
EFA (European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients Associations), Brussels, Belgium
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorA. Togias
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorS. Bonini
Second University of Naples, INMM-CNR, Rome, Italy
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorL. P. Boulet
Institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de l’Hôpital Laval and Université Laval, Laval, QC, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorP. Camargos
Medical School, University Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorK. H. Carlsen
Department of Paediatrics, Ullevål University Hospital and The Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorN. H. Chavannes
Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorL. Delgado
Faculdade de Medicina, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorS. R. Durham
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorW. J. Fokkens
Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Fonseca
Allergy, Hospital S. Joao & Instituto, CUF; CINTESIS, Porto University Medical School, Porto, Portugal
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorT. Haahtela
Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorO. Kalayci
Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Hacettepe, Ankara, Turkey
Search for more papers by this authorM. L. Kowalski
Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorD. Larenas-Linnemann
Allergy Department, Hospital Médica Sur, Mexico city, Mexico
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Li
Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical School, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorY. Mohammad
Tishreen University School of Medicine, Lattakia, Syria
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Mullol
Hospital Clínic i Universitari, IDIBAPS, CIBERES. Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorR. E. O’Hehir
Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorN. Papadopoulos
Allergy Research Center, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorG. Passalacqua
Allergy & Respiratory Diseases Clinic, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorK. F. Rabe
Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorD. Ryan
Woodbrook Medical Centre, Loughborough, England And University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
Search for more papers by this authorE. Valovirta
Terveystalo Turku, Turku, Finland
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorA. Yorgancioglu
Celal Bayar University School of Medicine Department of Pulmonology, Manisa, Turkey
Search for more papers by this authorO. M. Yusuf
The Allergy & Asthma Institute, Islamabad, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorI. Annesi-Maesano
EPAR U707 INSERM and EPAR UMR-S UPMC, Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorB. Beghe
Department of Oncology, Haematology and Respiratory Diseases, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorM. S. Blaiss
University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorD. A. Boakye
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Bouchard
Université Laval, Laval, QC, and Hôpital de la Malbaie, la Malbaie, QC, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorP. G. Burney
National Heart & Lung Institute at Imperial College, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorW. W. Busse
Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
Search for more papers by this authorM. Chan-Yeung
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorY. Chen
National Cooperative Group of Pediatric Research on Asthma, Asthma Clinic and Education Center of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Peking, China
Search for more papers by this authorA. G. Chuchalin
Pulmonology Research Institute and Russian Respiratory Society, Moscow, Russia
Search for more papers by this authorD. J. Costa
Primary Care Department, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Denburg
AllerGen NCE, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorH. Douagui
Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Béni-Messous, Algiers, Algeria
Search for more papers by this authorR. Emuzyte
Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
Search for more papers by this authorL. Grouse
University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorM. Humbert
Hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Université Paris-Sud, Clamart, France
Search for more papers by this authorC. Jackson
Bute Medical School, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
Search for more papers by this authorS. L. Johnston
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
Search for more papers by this authorM. A. Kaliner
Geo Washington University School of Medicine, Washington DC – Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
Search for more papers by this authorP. Kuna
Barlicki University Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
Search for more papers by this authorL. T. Le
University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hochiminh City, Vietnam
Search for more papers by this authorC. Lemiere
Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorJ. L. Malo
Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal and University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorE. O. Meltzer
Allergy & Asthma Medical Group & Research Center, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorM. Morais-Almeida
Immunoallergy Department, CUF-Descobertas Hospital, Lisbon, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorC. Motala
School of Child and Adolescent Health, UCT and Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Search for more papers by this authorK. Nekam
Hospital of the Hospitaller Brothers in Buda, Budapest, Hungary
Search for more papers by this authorE. Nizankowska-Mogilnicka
Jagiellonian University School of Medicine, Krakow, Poland
Edited by: Thomas Bieber
Search for more papers by this authorS. Ouedraogo
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
Search for more papers by this authorS. Palkonen
EFA European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients’ Associations, Brussels, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorT. A. Popov
Clinic of Allergy and Asthma, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Rosado-Pinto
Immunoallergy Department, Hospital da Luz, Lisboa, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorT. M. Sooronbaev
National Centre Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Search for more papers by this authorS. W. Stoloff
University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
Search for more papers by this authorE. Toskala
Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorO. Vandenplas
University Hospital of Mont-Godinne, Catholic University of Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorC. Van Weel
Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorG. Viegi
CNR Institutes of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology (IBIM), Palermo, and of Clinical Physiology (IFC), Pisa, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorD. Y. Wang
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorM. Wickman
Sachs’ Children’s Hospital, Stockholm, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Search for more papers by this authorD. Williams
School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Search for more papers by this authorB. P. Yawn
Olmsted Medical Center, University of Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
Search for more papers by this authorH. J. Zar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
Search for more papers by this authorM. Zernotti
Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
Search for more papers by this authorN. Zhong
Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, China
Search for more papers by this authorIn collaboration with the WHO Collaborating Center of Asthma and Rhinitis (Montpellier)
University Hospital, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, and INSERM, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Villejuif, France
Search for more papers by this authorMembers of GA2LEN (Global Allergy and Asthma European Network), supported by the Sixth EU Framework program for research, contract n° FOOD-CT-2004-506378.
Abstract
To cite this article: Bousquet J, Schünemann HJ, Zuberbier T, Bachert C, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bousquet PJ, Brozek J, Canonica GW, Casale TB, Demoly P, Gerth van Wijk R, Ohta K, Bateman ED, Calderon M, Cruz AA, Dolen WK, Haughney J, Lockey RF, Lötvall J, O’Byrne P, Spranger O, Togias A, Bonini S, Boulet LP, Camargos P, Carlsen KH, Chavannes NH, Delgado L, Durham SR, Fokkens WJ, Fonseca J, Haahtela T, Kalayci O, Kowalski ML, Larenas-Linnemann D, Li J, Mohammad Y, Mullol J, Naclerio R, O’Hehir RE, Papadopoulos N, Passalacqua G, Rabe KF, Pawankar R, Ryan D, Samolinski B, Simons FER, Valovirta E, Yorgancioglu A, Yusuf OM, Agache I, Aït-Khaled N, Annesi-Maesano I, Beghe B, Ben Kheder A, Blaiss MS, Boakye DA, Bouchard J, Burney PG, Busse WW, Chan-Yeung M, Chen Y, Chuchalin AG, Costa DJ, Custovic A, Dahl R, Denburg J, Douagui H, Emuzyte R, Grouse L, Humbert M, Jackson C, Johnston SL, Kaliner MA, Keith PK, Kim YY, Klossek JM, Kuna P, Le LT, Lemiere C, Lipworth B, Mahboub B, Malo JL, Marshall GD, Mavale-Manuel S, Meltzer EO, Morais-Almeida M, Motala C, Naspitz C, Nekam K, Niggemann B, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Okamoto Y, Orru MP, Ouedraogo S, Palkonen S, Popov TA, Price D, Rosado-Pinto J, Scadding GK, Sooronbaev TM, Stoloff SW, Toskala E, van Cauwenberge P, Vandenplas O, van Weel C, Viegi G, Virchow JC, Wang DY, Wickman M, Williams D, Yawn BP, Zar HJ, Zernotti M, Zhong N, In collaboration with the WHO Collaborating Center of Asthma and Rhinitis (Montpellier). Development and implementation of guidelines in allergic rhinitis – an ARIA-GA2LEN paper. Allergy 2010; 65: 1212–1221.
The links between asthma and rhinitis are well characterized. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines stress the importance of these links and provide guidance for their prevention and treatment. Despite effective treatments being available, too few patients receive appropriate medical care for both diseases. Most patients with rhinitis and asthma consult primary care physicians and therefore these physicians are encouraged to understand and use ARIA guidelines. Patients should also be informed about these guidelines to raise their awareness of optimal care and increase control of the two related diseases. To apply these guidelines, clinicians and patients need to understand how and why the recommendations were made. The goal of the ARIA guidelines is to provide recommendations about the best management options for most patients in most situations. These recommendations should be based on the best available evidence. Making recommendations requires the assessment of the quality of available evidence, deciding on the balance between benefits and downsides, consideration of patients' values and preferences, and, if applicable, resource implications. Guidelines must be updated as new management options become available or important new evidence emerges. Transparent reporting of guidelines facilitates understanding and acceptance, but implementation strategies need to be improved.
References
- 1 Bousquet J, Khaltaev N, Cruz AA, Denburg J, Fokkens WJ, Togias A et al. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen). Allergy 2008; 63(Suppl 86): 8–160.
- 2 Bousquet J, Neukirch F, Bousquet PJ, Gehano P, Klossek JM, Le Gal M et al. Severity and impairment of allergic rhinitis in patients consulting in primary care. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006; 117: 158–162.
- 3 Walker S, Khan-Wasti S, Fletcher M, Cullinan P, Harris J, Sheikh A. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is associated with a detrimental effect on examination performance in United Kingdom teenagers: case-control study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120: 381–387.
- 4 Weiler JM, Bloomfield JR, Woodworth GG, Grant AR, Layton TA, Brown TL et al. Effects of fexofenadine, diphenhydramine, and alcohol on driving performance. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial in the Iowa driving simulator. Ann Intern Med 2000; 132: 354–363.
- 5 Bousquet J, Fokkens W, Burney P, Durham SR, Bachert C, Akdis CA et al. Important research questions in allergy and related diseases: nonallergic rhinitis: a GA2LEN paper. Allergy 2008; 63: 842–853.
- 6 Ait-Khaled N, Pearce N, Anderson HR, Ellwood P, Montefort S, Shah J. Global map of the prevalence of symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis in children: The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three. Allergy 2009; 64: 123–148.
- 7 Walker S, Sheikh A. Self reported rhinitis is a significant problem for patients with asthma. Prim Care Respir J 2005; 14: 83–87.
- 8 Ciprandi G, Cirillo I, Vizzaccaro A, Tosca M, Passalacqua G, Pallestrini E et al. Seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis: is this classification adherent to real life? Allergy 2005; 60: 882–887.
- 9 Bachert C, Van Cauwenberge P, Olbrecht J, Van Schoor J. Prevalence, classification and perception of allergic and nonallergic rhinitis in Belgium. Allergy 2006; 61: 693–698.
- 10 Antonicelli L, Micucci C, Voltolini S, Senna GE, Di Blasi P, Visona G et al. Relationship between ARIA classification and drug treatment in allergic rhinitis and asthma. Allergy 2007; 62: 1064–1070.
- 11 Castillo J, Molina J, Valero A, Mullol J. Prevalence and characteristics of rhinitis in asthmatic patients attending primary care in Spain. Rhinology 2010; 48: 35–40.
- 12 Clatworthy J, Price D, Ryan D, Haughney J, Horne R. The value of self-report assessment of adherence, rhinitis and smoking in relation to asthma control. Prim Care Respir J 2009; 18: 300–305.
- 13 Terreehorst I, Oosting AJ, Tempels-Pavlica Z, De Monchy JG, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CA, Hak E et al. Prevalence and severity of allergic rhinitis in house dust mite-allergic patients with bronchial asthma or atopic dermatitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2002; 32: 1160–1165.
- 14 Bresciani M, Paradis L, Des Roches A, Vernhet H, Vachier I, Godard P et al. Rhinosinusitis in severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107: 73–80.
- 15 Ten Brinke A, Grootendorst DC, Schmidt JT, De Bruine FT, Van Buchem MA, Sterk PJ et al. Chronic sinusitis in severe asthma is related to sputum eosinophilia. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002; 109: 621–626.
- 16 Bousquet J, Gaugris S, Kocevar VS, Zhang Q, Yin DD, Polos PG et al. Increased risk of asthma attacks and emergency visits among asthma patients with allergic rhinitis: a subgroup analysis of the improving asthma control trial. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35: 723–727.
- 17 Price D, Zhang Q, Kocevar VS, Yin DD, Thomas M. Effect of a concomitant diagnosis of allergic rhinitis on asthma-related health care use by adults. Clin Exp Allergy 2005; 35: 282–287.
- 18 Sole D, Camelo-Nunes IC, Wandalsen GF, Melo KC, Naspitz CK. Is rhinitis alone or associated with atopic eczema a risk factor for severe asthma in children? Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2005; 16: 121–125.
- 19 Church MK, Maurer M, Simons FE, Bindslev-Jensen C, Van Cauwenberge P, Bousquet J et al. Risk of first-generation H(1)-antihistamines: a GA(2)LEN position paper. Allergy 2010; 65: 459–466.
- 20 Bousquet J, Bodez T, Gehano P, Klossek JM, Liard F, Neukirch F et al. Implementation of Guidelines for Allergic Rhinitis in Specialist Practices. A Randomized Pragmatic Controlled Trial. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2009; 150: 75–82.
- 21 Bousquet J, Van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 108(5 Suppl): S147–S334.
- 22 Price D, Bond C, Bouchard J, Costa R, Keenan J, Levy ML et al. International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) Guidelines: management of allergic rhinitis. Prim Care Respir J 2006; 15: 58–70.
- 23 Scadding GK, Durham SR, Mirakian R, Jones NS, Leech SC, Farooque S et al. BSACI guidelines for the management of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38: 19–42.
- 24 Wallace DV, Dykewicz MS, Bernstein DI, Blessing-Moore J, Cox L, Khan DA et al. The diagnosis and management of rhinitis: an updated practice parameter. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2008; 122(2 Suppl): S1–S84.
- 25 GEMA. Spanish Asthma Management Guide. Arch Bronconeumol 2009; 45(Suppl 7): 2–35.
- 26 Schünemann HJ, Jaeschke R, Cook DJ, Bria WF, El-Solh AA, Ernst A et al. An official ATS statement: grading the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations in ATS guidelines and recommendations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 174: 605–614.
- 27 Brozek JL, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bonini S, Canonica GW, Rasi G, Van Wijk RG et al. Methodology for development of the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma guideline 2008 update. Allergy 2008; 63: 38–46.
- 28 Guyatt G, Alk A, Hirsh J, Kearon C, Growther M, Gutterman D et al. The vexing problem of guidelines and conflict of interest: a potential solution. Ann Intern Med 2010; 152: 738–741.
- 29 Schunemann HJ, Osborne M, Moss J, Manthous C, Wagner G, Sicilian L et al. An official American Thoracic Society Policy statement: managing conflict of interest in professional societies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 180: 564–580.
- 30 Hirsh J, Guyatt G. Clinical experts or methodologists to write clinical guidelines? Lancet 2009; 374: 273–275.
- 31 Van Weel C. General practitioners’ central role in management of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2008; 63: 1005–1007.
- 32 Ryan D, Van Weel C, Bousquet J, Toskala E, Ahlstedt S, Palkonen S et al. Primary care: the cornerstone of diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Allergy 2008; 63: 981–989.
- 33 Costa DJ, Bousquet PJ, Ryan D, Price D, Demoly P, Brozek J et al. Guidelines for allergic rhinitis need to be used in primary care. Prim Care Respir J 2009; 18: 250–257.
- 34 World Health Organization. Global Programme on Evidence for Health Policy. Guidelines for WHO Guidelines. EIP/GPE/EQC/2003.1. Geneva, 2003.
- 35 Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, Eccles M, Falck-Ytter Y, Flottorp S et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004; 328: 1490.
- 36 Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Vist GE, Liberati A et al. Going from evidence to recommendations. BMJ 2008; 336: 1049–1051.
- 37 Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Jaeschke R, Helfand M, Liberati A et al. Incorporating considerations of resources use into grading recommendations. BMJ 2008; 336: 1170–1173.
- 38 Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Vist GE, Falck-Ytter Y, Schunemann HJ. What is “quality of evidence” and why is it important to clinicians? BMJ 2008; 336: 995–998.
- 39 Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2008; 336: 924–926.
- 40 Schunemann HJ, Oxman AD, Brozek J, Glasziou P, Jaeschke R, Vist GE et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests and strategies. BMJ 2008; 336: 1106–1110.
- 41 Guyatt G, Vist G, Falck-Ytter Y, Kunz R, Magrini N, Schunemann H. An emerging consensus on grading recommendations. http://www.evidence-basedmedicine.com 2005; Module 37. Topic 2011:189.
- 42 Green RJ, Davis G, Price D. Concerns of patients with allergic rhinitis: the Allergic Rhinitis Care Programme in South Africa. Prim Care Respir J 2007; 16: 299–303.
- 43 Brozeck JL, Bousquet J, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bonini S, Canonica GW, Casale TB et al. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) guidelines – 2010 revision. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; (in press).
- 44 Oxman AD, Guyatt GH. Guidelines for reading literature reviews. CMAJ 1988; 138: 697–703.
- 45 Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Fretheim A. Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 6. Determining which outcomes are important. Health Res Policy Syst 2006; 4: 18.
- 46 Oxman AD, Schunemann HJ, Fretheim A. Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 8. Synthesis and presentation of evidence. Health Res Policy Syst 2006; 4: 20.
- 47 Schünemann H, Brozek J, Oxman A. GRADEprofiler. (http://www.cc-ims.net/revman/gradepro). 2008 [cited; Available from: http://www.cc-ims.net/revman/gradepro 2009.
- 48 Moher D, Schulz KF, Altman DG. The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomised trials. Lancet 2001; 357: 1191–1194.
- 49 Essential Medicines. WHO Model List, (revised March 2008). http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/ 2008.
- 50 Schünemann HJ, Fretheim A, Oxman AD. Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 13. Applicability, transferability and adaptation. Health Res Policy Syst 2006; 4: 25.
- 51 Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ 2010; 340: c332.
- 52 Holgate S, Bisgaard H, Bjermer L, Haahtela T, Haughney J, Horne R et al. The Brussels Declaration: the need for change in asthma management. Eur Respir J 2008; 32: 1433–1442.
- 53 Campbell MK, Elbourne DR, Altman DG. CONSORT statement: extension to cluster randomised trials. BMJ 2004; 328: 702–708.
- 54 Zwarenstein M, Treweek S, Gagnier JJ, Altman DG, Tunis S, Haynes B et al. Improving the reporting of pragmatic trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement. BMJ 2008; 337: a2390.
- 55 International Rhinitis Management Working Group. International Consensus Report on Diagnosis and Management of Rhinitis. Allergy 1994; 49(19 Suppl): 1–34.
- 56 Bousquet J, Lund VJ, Van Cauwenberge P, Bremard-Oury C, Mounedji N, Stevens MT et al. Implementation of guidelines for seasonal allergic rhinitis: a randomized controlled trial. Allergy 2003; 58: 733–741.
- 57 Hussain T, Michel G, Shiffman RN. The Yale Guideline Recommendation Corpus: a representative sample of the knowledge content of guidelines. Int J Med Inform 2009; 78: 354–363.
- 58 Nogueira-Silva L, Martins SV, Cruz-Correia R, Azevedo LF, Morais-Almeida M, Bugalho-Almeida A et al. Control of allergic rhinitis and asthma test--a formal approach to the development of a measuring tool. Respir Res 2009; 10: 52.
- 59 Fonseca J, Nogueira-Silva L, Morais-Almeida M, Azevedo L, Sa-Sousa A, Branco-Ferreira M et al. Validation of a quesitonnaire (CARAT 10) to assess rhinitis and asthma in asthmatic patients. Allergy 2010; 65: 1042–1048.
- 60 Bousquet J, Burney PG, Zuberbier T, Cauwenberge PV, Akdis CA, Bindslev-Jensen C et al. GA2LEN (Global Allergy and Asthma European Network) addresses the allergy and asthma ‘epidemic’. Allergy 2009; 64: 969–977.