Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium – I. Type Ibn (SN 2006jc-like) events
Corresponding Author
A. Pastorello
Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN
E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorS. Mattila
Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN
Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorL. Zampieri
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorM. Della Valle
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Salita Moiariello 16, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
International Centre for Relativistic Astrophysics Network, Piazzale della Repubblica 10, I-65122 Pescara, Italy
European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorS. J. Smartt
Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN
Search for more papers by this authorS. Valenti
European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorI. Agnoletto
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 2, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorS. Benetti
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorC. R. Benn
Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado 321, E-38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorD. Branch
Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-2061, USA
Search for more papers by this authorE. Cappellaro
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorM. Dennefeld
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, and Université P. et M. Curie, 98bis Bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorJ. J. Eldridge
Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN
Institute of Astronomy, The Observatories, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA
Search for more papers by this authorA. Gal-Yam
Benoziyo Centre for Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorA. Harutyunyan
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 2, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorI. Hunter
Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN
Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado 321, E-38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorH. Kjeldsen
Danish Asteroseismology Centre, Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade, Bygn. 1520, 8000 Aarhus C., Denmark
Search for more papers by this authorY. Lipkin
School of Physics and Astronomy and Wise Observatory, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorP. A. Mazzali
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy
Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85741 Garching bei München, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorP. Milne
Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Search for more papers by this authorH. Navasardyan
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorE. O. Ofek
Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Search for more papers by this authorE. Pian
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorO. Shemmer
Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Search for more papers by this authorS. Spiro
Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorR. A. Stathakis
Anglo-Australian Observatory, PO Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorS. Taubenberger
Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85741 Garching bei München, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorM. Turatto
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorH. Yamaoka
Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 810-8560, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
A. Pastorello
Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN
E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorS. Mattila
Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN
Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland
Search for more papers by this authorL. Zampieri
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorM. Della Valle
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Salita Moiariello 16, I-80131 Napoli, Italy
International Centre for Relativistic Astrophysics Network, Piazzale della Repubblica 10, I-65122 Pescara, Italy
European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorS. J. Smartt
Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN
Search for more papers by this authorS. Valenti
European Southern Observatory (ESO), Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, I-44100 Ferrara, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorI. Agnoletto
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 2, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorS. Benetti
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorC. R. Benn
Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado 321, E-38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorD. Branch
Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-2061, USA
Search for more papers by this authorE. Cappellaro
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorM. Dennefeld
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, and Université P. et M. Curie, 98bis Bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorJ. J. Eldridge
Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN
Institute of Astronomy, The Observatories, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA
Search for more papers by this authorA. Gal-Yam
Benoziyo Centre for Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorA. Harutyunyan
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 2, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorI. Hunter
Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN
Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado 321, E-38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorH. Kjeldsen
Danish Asteroseismology Centre, Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade, Bygn. 1520, 8000 Aarhus C., Denmark
Search for more papers by this authorY. Lipkin
School of Physics and Astronomy and Wise Observatory, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
Search for more papers by this authorP. A. Mazzali
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy
Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85741 Garching bei München, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorP. Milne
Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Search for more papers by this authorH. Navasardyan
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorE. O. Ofek
Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Search for more papers by this authorE. Pian
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorO. Shemmer
Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Search for more papers by this authorS. Spiro
Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorR. A. Stathakis
Anglo-Australian Observatory, PO Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorS. Taubenberger
Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85741 Garching bei München, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorM. Turatto
INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell' Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorH. Yamaoka
Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 810-8560, Japan
Search for more papers by this authorABSTRACT
We present new spectroscopic and photometric data of the Type Ibn supernovae 2006jc, 2000er and 2002ao. We discuss the general properties of this recently proposed supernova family, which also includes SN 1999cq. The early-time monitoring of SN 2000er traces the evolution of this class of objects during the first few days after the shock breakout. An overall similarity in the photometric and spectroscopic evolution is found among the members of this group, which would be unexpected if the energy in these core-collapse events was dominated by the interaction between supernova ejecta and circumstellar medium. Type Ibn supernovae appear to be rather normal Type Ib/c supernova explosions which occur within a He-rich circumstellar environment. SNe Ibn are therefore likely produced by the explosion of Wolf–Rayet progenitors still embedded in the He-rich material lost by the star in recent mass-loss episodes, which resemble known luminous blue variable eruptions. The evolved Wolf–Rayet star could either result from the evolution of a very massive star or be the more evolved member of a massive binary system. We also suggest that there are a number of arguments in favour of a Type Ibn classification for the historical SN 1885A (S-Andromedae), previously considered as an anomalous Type Ia event with some resemblance to SN 1991bg.
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