The Shear Testing Programme 2: Factors affecting high-precision weak-lensing analyses
Corresponding Author
Richard Massey
California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorCatherine Heymans
University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorJoel Bergé
Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorGary Bernstein
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSarah Bridle
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT
Search for more papers by this authorDouglas Clowe
Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tuscon, AZ 85721, USA
Search for more papers by this authorHåkon Dahle
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
Search for more papers by this authorRichard Ellis
California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Search for more papers by this authorThomas Erben
Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMarco Hetterscheidt
Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorF. William High
California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 01238, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChristopher Hirata
Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Search for more papers by this authorHenk Hoekstra
University of Victoria, Elliott Building, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorPatrick Hudelot
Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR5572, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31000 Toulouse, France
Search for more papers by this authorMike Jarvis
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Johnston
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
Search for more papers by this authorKonrad Kuijken
Leiden Observatory, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorVera Margoniner
Department of Physics, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Search for more papers by this authorRachel Mandelbaum
Department of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Search for more papers by this authorYannick Mellier
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie - Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
Observatoire de Paris - LERMA, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorReiko Nakajima
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Search for more papers by this authorStephane Paulin-Henriksson
INAF/Catania Astrophysical Observatory, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorMolly Peeples
California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChris Roat
Department of Physics, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAlexandre Refregier
Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorJason Rhodes
California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
Search for more papers by this authorTim Schrabback
Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMischa Schirmer
Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Calle Alvarez Abreu 70, 38700 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorUroš Seljak
Department of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Search for more papers by this authorElisabetta Semboloni
University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie - Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorLudovic Van Waerbeke
University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Richard Massey
California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorCatherine Heymans
University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorJoel Bergé
Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorGary Bernstein
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Search for more papers by this authorSarah Bridle
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT
Search for more papers by this authorDouglas Clowe
Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tuscon, AZ 85721, USA
Search for more papers by this authorHåkon Dahle
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
Search for more papers by this authorRichard Ellis
California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Search for more papers by this authorThomas Erben
Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMarco Hetterscheidt
Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorF. William High
California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 01238, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChristopher Hirata
Institute for Advanced Study, Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
Search for more papers by this authorHenk Hoekstra
University of Victoria, Elliott Building, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorPatrick Hudelot
Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, UMR5572, 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31000 Toulouse, France
Search for more papers by this authorMike Jarvis
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Search for more papers by this authorDavid Johnston
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
Search for more papers by this authorKonrad Kuijken
Leiden Observatory, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
Search for more papers by this authorVera Margoniner
Department of Physics, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Search for more papers by this authorRachel Mandelbaum
Department of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Search for more papers by this authorYannick Mellier
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie - Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
Observatoire de Paris - LERMA, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorReiko Nakajima
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Search for more papers by this authorStephane Paulin-Henriksson
INAF/Catania Astrophysical Observatory, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
Search for more papers by this authorMolly Peeples
California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
Search for more papers by this authorChris Roat
Department of Physics, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Search for more papers by this authorAlexandre Refregier
Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
Search for more papers by this authorJason Rhodes
California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
Search for more papers by this authorTim Schrabback
Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMischa Schirmer
Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Calle Alvarez Abreu 70, 38700 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorUroš Seljak
Department of Physics, Jadwin Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Search for more papers by this authorElisabetta Semboloni
University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie - Paris, 98 bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France
Search for more papers by this authorLudovic Van Waerbeke
University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorABSTRACT
The Shear Testing Programme (STEP) is a collaborative project to improve the accuracy and reliability of weak-lensing measurement, in preparation for the next generation of wide-field surveys. We review 16 current and emerging shear-measurement methods in a common language, and assess their performance by running them (blindly) on simulated images that contain a known shear signal. We determine the common features of algorithms that most successfully recover the input parameters. A desirable goal would be the combination of their best elements into one ultimate shear-measurement method. In this analysis, we achieve previously unattained discriminatory precision via a combination of more extensive simulations and pairs of galaxy images that have been rotated with respect to each other. That removes the otherwise overwhelming noise from their intrinsic ellipticities. Finally, the robustness of our simulation approach is confirmed by testing the relative calibration of methods on real data.
Weak-lensing measurements have improved since the first STEP paper. Several methods now consistently achieve better than 2 per cent precision, and are still being developed. However, we can now distinguish all methods from perfect performance. Our main concern continues to be the potential for a multiplicative shear calibration bias: not least because this cannot be internally calibrated with real data. We determine which galaxy populations are responsible for bias and, by adjusting the simulated observing conditions, we also investigate the effects of instrumental and atmospheric parameters. The simulated point spread functions are not allowed to vary spatially, to avoid additional confusion from interpolation errors. We have isolated several previously unrecognized aspects of galaxy shape measurement, in which focused development could provide further progress towards the sub-per cent level of precision desired for future surveys. These areas include the suitable treatment of image pixellization and galaxy morphology evolution. Ignoring the former effect affects the measurement of shear in different directions, leading to an overall underestimation of shear and hence the amplitude of the matter power spectrum. Ignoring the second effect could affect the calibration of shear estimators as a function of galaxy redshift, and the evolution of the lensing signal, which will be vital to measure parameters including the dark energy equation of state.
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