The TraM protein of the conjugative plasmid F binds to the origin of transfer of the F and ColE1 plasmids
Laura di Laurenzio
Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2ED.
Search for more papers by this authorLaura S. Frost
Department of Microbiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2ED.
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
William Paranchych
Department of Microbiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2ED.
*Tel. (403) 492 3277; Fax (403) 492 2216.Search for more papers by this authorLaura di Laurenzio
Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2ED.
Search for more papers by this authorLaura S. Frost
Department of Microbiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2ED.
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
William Paranchych
Department of Microbiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2ED.
*Tel. (403) 492 3277; Fax (403) 492 2216.Search for more papers by this authorSummary
The gene encoding the TraM protein of the conjugative plasmid F was cloned, overexpressed and the gene product was purified. The TraM protein was found in the cytoplasm of cells carrying the F plasmid with a smaller amount in the inner membrane. DNase I footprinting experiments showed that the purified protein protects three regions in the F ori T locus with different affinity for the upper and lower strands of DNA. A 15-nucleotide motif was identified within the protected regions that represented the DNA-binding site. The TraM protein was also found to bind to a sequence in the oriT region of the non-conjugative plasmid ColE1 that resembles the three binding sites in the F oriT region.
References
- Abo, T., Inamoto, S., and Ohtsubo, E. (1991) Specific DNA binding of the TraM protein to the oriT region of plasmid R100. J Bacteriol 173: 6347–6354.
- Achtman, M., Willetts, N.S., and Clark, A.J. (1971) Beginning a genetic analysis of conjugational transfer determined by the F factor in Escherichia coli by isolation and characterization of transfer–deficient mutants. J Bacteriol 106: 529–538.
- Bolivar, F., Rodriquez, R.L., Greene, P.J., Betlach, M.C., Heyneker, H.L., Boyer, H.W., Crosa, J.H., and Falkow, S. (1977) Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles, II, A multipurpose cloning system. Gene 2: 95–113.
- Dempsey, W.B., Fee, B.E. (1990) Integration host factor affects expression of two genes at the conjugal transfer origin of plasmid R100. Mol Microbiol 4: 1019–1028.
- Di Laurenzio, L., Finlay, B.B., Frost, L.S., and Paranchych, W. (1991) Characterization of the oriT region of the IncFV plasmid pED208. Mol Microbiol 5: 1779–1790.
- Dretzen, G., Bellard, M., Sassone-Corsi, P., Chambon, P. (1981) A reliable method for the recovery of DNA fragments from agarose and acrylamide gels. Anal Biochem 112: 295–298.
- Finlay, B.B., Paranchych, W., Falkow, S. (1983) Characterization of conjugative plasmid EDP208. J Bacteriol 156: 230–235.
- Finlay, B.B., Opgenorth, A., Paranchych, W., and Lee, J.S. (1985) Characterization and sequence analysis of pilin from F-like plasmids. J Bacteriol 164: 1238–1247.
- Friedman, D.I. (1988) Integration host factor: a protein for all reasons. Cell 55: 545–554.
- Frost, L.S., Finlay, B.B., Opgenorth, A., Paranchych, W., and Lee, J.S. (1985) Characterization and sequence analysis of pilin from F–like plasmids. J Bacteriol 164: 1238–1247.
- Frost, L.S., Lee, S., Yanchar, N., and Paranchych, W. (1989) finP and fisO mutations in FinP anti–sense RNA suggest a model for FinOP action in the repression of bacterial conjugation by the Flac plasmid JCFLO. Mol Gen Genet 218: 152–160.
- Fu, Y.-H.F., Tsai, M.-M., Luo, Y., and Deonier, R.C. (1991) Deletion analysis of the F plasmid oriT region. J Bacteriol 173: 1012–1020.
- Ippen-Ihler, K. (1989) Bacterial conjugation. In Gene Transfer in the Environment S.B. Levy, and R.V. Miller (eds). New York , New York : McGraw-Hill, pp. 33–72.
- Jacobs, E., and Clad, A. (1986) Electroelution of fixed and stained membrane proteins from preparative sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gets into a membrane trap. Anal Biochem 154: 583–589.
- Kingsman, A., and Willetts, N. (1978) The requirements for conjugal DNA synthesis in the donor strain during the Flac transfer. J Mol Biol 122: 287–300.
- Lahue, E.E., and Matson, S.W. (1990) Purified E.coli F-factor TraY protein binds oriT. J Bacteriol 172: 1385–1391.
- Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F., and Sambrook, J. (1982) Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor , New York : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
- Matson, S.W., and Morton, B.S. (1991) Escherichia coli DNA helicase I catalyzes a site– and strand–specific nicking reaction at the F plasmid oriT J Biol Chem 266: 16232–16237.
- Maxam, A.M., and Gilbert, W. (1977) A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 560–565.
- Reygers, U., Wessel, R., Muller, H., and Hoffmann-Berling, H. (1991) Endonuclease activity of Escherichia coli DNA helicase I direct against the transfer origin of the F factor. EMBO J 10: 2689–2694.
- Sambrook, J., Maniatis, T., Fritsch, E.F., and Irwin, N. (1989) Molecular Cloning A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor , New York : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
- Schwab, M., Gruber, H., and Hogenauer, G. (1991) The TraM protein of plasmid R1 is a DNA-binding protein. Mol Microbiol 5: 439–446.
- Studier, W.F., and Moffat, B. (1986) Use of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase to direct selective high level expression of cloned genes. J Mol Biol. 189: 113–130.
- Tabor, S., and Richardson, C.C. (1985) A bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system for controlled exclusive expression of specific genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 1074–1078.
- Thompson, R., and Taylor, L. (1982) Promoter mapping and DNA sequencing of the F plasmid transfer genes traM and traJ. Mol Gen Genet 188: 513–518.
- Thompson, R., Taylor, L., Kelly, K., Everett, R., and Willetts, N. (1984) The F plasmid origin of transfer: DNA sequence of wild-type and mutant origins and location of origin-specific nicks. EMBO J 3: 1175–1180.
- Travers, A. A. (1990) Why bend DNA Cell 60: 177–180.
- Traxler, B.A., and Minkley, Jr, E.G. (1988) Evidence that DNA helicasel and oriT site specific nicking are both functions of the F Tral protein. J Mol Biol 204: 205–209.
- Tsai, M.-M., Fu, F.Y.-H., and Deonier, R.C. (1990) Intrinsic bends and integration host factor binding at F plasmid oriT. J Bacteriol 172: 4603–4609.
- Voller, A., Bidwell, D., Huldt, G., and Engvall, E. (1974) A microplate method of ELISA and its application to malaria, Bull WHO 51: 209–221.
- Warren, G.J., Saul, M.W. and Sherratt, D.J. (1979) ColE1 plasmid mobility: Essential and conditional functions. Mol Gen Genef 170: 103–107.
- Willetts, N. (1980) Interactions between the F conjugal transfer system and CloDF13::Tna plasmids. Mol Gen Genet 180: 213–217.
- Willetts, N., and Skurray, R. (1987) Structure and Function of the F Factor and Mechanism of Conjugation. In Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium Cellular and Molecular Biology. F.C. Neidhardt, J.L. Ingraham, B. Magasanik, K.B. Low, M. Schaechter, and H.E. Umbarger (eds). Washington , D.C. : American Society For Microbiology, pp, 1110–1133.
- Willetts, N., and Wilkins, B. (1984) Processing of plasmid DNA during bacterial conjugation. Microbiol Rev 48: 24–41.
- Yang, C.-C., and Nash, H.A. (1989) The interaction of E. coli IHF protein with its specific binding sites. Cell 57: 869–880.