An evaluation of a mental health screening and referral pathway for community nursing care: nurses’ and general practitioners’ perspectives
Merilyn Annells
Authors: Merilyn Annells , PhD, RN, Professor in Community Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora; Jacqui Allen , BA, M Psych, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood; Russell Nunn , BBSc, GradDipApplSocPsych, MSc, Researcher, Royal District Nursing Service Helen Macpherson Smith Institute of Community Health, St Kilda; Lyn Lang , BHSc, BEd, Med, RN, National Learning and Development Manager, The Regis Group, Armadale; Eileen Petrie , Post Grad Dip CPN, MNS, PhD, RN, Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Eileen Clark , BA, MLitt, MSocSci, GDipEnvMgt, Research Consultant, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Alan Robins , BA, GradDipPubPol, MSW, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorJacqui Allen
Authors: Merilyn Annells , PhD, RN, Professor in Community Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora; Jacqui Allen , BA, M Psych, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood; Russell Nunn , BBSc, GradDipApplSocPsych, MSc, Researcher, Royal District Nursing Service Helen Macpherson Smith Institute of Community Health, St Kilda; Lyn Lang , BHSc, BEd, Med, RN, National Learning and Development Manager, The Regis Group, Armadale; Eileen Petrie , Post Grad Dip CPN, MNS, PhD, RN, Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Eileen Clark , BA, MLitt, MSocSci, GDipEnvMgt, Research Consultant, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Alan Robins , BA, GradDipPubPol, MSW, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorRussell Nunn
Authors: Merilyn Annells , PhD, RN, Professor in Community Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora; Jacqui Allen , BA, M Psych, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood; Russell Nunn , BBSc, GradDipApplSocPsych, MSc, Researcher, Royal District Nursing Service Helen Macpherson Smith Institute of Community Health, St Kilda; Lyn Lang , BHSc, BEd, Med, RN, National Learning and Development Manager, The Regis Group, Armadale; Eileen Petrie , Post Grad Dip CPN, MNS, PhD, RN, Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Eileen Clark , BA, MLitt, MSocSci, GDipEnvMgt, Research Consultant, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Alan Robins , BA, GradDipPubPol, MSW, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorLyn Lang
Authors: Merilyn Annells , PhD, RN, Professor in Community Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora; Jacqui Allen , BA, M Psych, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood; Russell Nunn , BBSc, GradDipApplSocPsych, MSc, Researcher, Royal District Nursing Service Helen Macpherson Smith Institute of Community Health, St Kilda; Lyn Lang , BHSc, BEd, Med, RN, National Learning and Development Manager, The Regis Group, Armadale; Eileen Petrie , Post Grad Dip CPN, MNS, PhD, RN, Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Eileen Clark , BA, MLitt, MSocSci, GDipEnvMgt, Research Consultant, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Alan Robins , BA, GradDipPubPol, MSW, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorEileen Petrie
Authors: Merilyn Annells , PhD, RN, Professor in Community Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora; Jacqui Allen , BA, M Psych, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood; Russell Nunn , BBSc, GradDipApplSocPsych, MSc, Researcher, Royal District Nursing Service Helen Macpherson Smith Institute of Community Health, St Kilda; Lyn Lang , BHSc, BEd, Med, RN, National Learning and Development Manager, The Regis Group, Armadale; Eileen Petrie , Post Grad Dip CPN, MNS, PhD, RN, Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Eileen Clark , BA, MLitt, MSocSci, GDipEnvMgt, Research Consultant, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Alan Robins , BA, GradDipPubPol, MSW, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorEileen Clark
Authors: Merilyn Annells , PhD, RN, Professor in Community Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora; Jacqui Allen , BA, M Psych, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood; Russell Nunn , BBSc, GradDipApplSocPsych, MSc, Researcher, Royal District Nursing Service Helen Macpherson Smith Institute of Community Health, St Kilda; Lyn Lang , BHSc, BEd, Med, RN, National Learning and Development Manager, The Regis Group, Armadale; Eileen Petrie , Post Grad Dip CPN, MNS, PhD, RN, Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Eileen Clark , BA, MLitt, MSocSci, GDipEnvMgt, Research Consultant, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Alan Robins , BA, GradDipPubPol, MSW, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorAlan Robins
Authors: Merilyn Annells , PhD, RN, Professor in Community Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora; Jacqui Allen , BA, M Psych, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood; Russell Nunn , BBSc, GradDipApplSocPsych, MSc, Researcher, Royal District Nursing Service Helen Macpherson Smith Institute of Community Health, St Kilda; Lyn Lang , BHSc, BEd, Med, RN, National Learning and Development Manager, The Regis Group, Armadale; Eileen Petrie , Post Grad Dip CPN, MNS, PhD, RN, Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Eileen Clark , BA, MLitt, MSocSci, GDipEnvMgt, Research Consultant, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Alan Robins , BA, GradDipPubPol, MSW, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorMerilyn Annells
Authors: Merilyn Annells , PhD, RN, Professor in Community Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora; Jacqui Allen , BA, M Psych, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood; Russell Nunn , BBSc, GradDipApplSocPsych, MSc, Researcher, Royal District Nursing Service Helen Macpherson Smith Institute of Community Health, St Kilda; Lyn Lang , BHSc, BEd, Med, RN, National Learning and Development Manager, The Regis Group, Armadale; Eileen Petrie , Post Grad Dip CPN, MNS, PhD, RN, Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Eileen Clark , BA, MLitt, MSocSci, GDipEnvMgt, Research Consultant, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Alan Robins , BA, GradDipPubPol, MSW, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorJacqui Allen
Authors: Merilyn Annells , PhD, RN, Professor in Community Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora; Jacqui Allen , BA, M Psych, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood; Russell Nunn , BBSc, GradDipApplSocPsych, MSc, Researcher, Royal District Nursing Service Helen Macpherson Smith Institute of Community Health, St Kilda; Lyn Lang , BHSc, BEd, Med, RN, National Learning and Development Manager, The Regis Group, Armadale; Eileen Petrie , Post Grad Dip CPN, MNS, PhD, RN, Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Eileen Clark , BA, MLitt, MSocSci, GDipEnvMgt, Research Consultant, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Alan Robins , BA, GradDipPubPol, MSW, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorRussell Nunn
Authors: Merilyn Annells , PhD, RN, Professor in Community Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora; Jacqui Allen , BA, M Psych, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood; Russell Nunn , BBSc, GradDipApplSocPsych, MSc, Researcher, Royal District Nursing Service Helen Macpherson Smith Institute of Community Health, St Kilda; Lyn Lang , BHSc, BEd, Med, RN, National Learning and Development Manager, The Regis Group, Armadale; Eileen Petrie , Post Grad Dip CPN, MNS, PhD, RN, Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Eileen Clark , BA, MLitt, MSocSci, GDipEnvMgt, Research Consultant, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Alan Robins , BA, GradDipPubPol, MSW, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorLyn Lang
Authors: Merilyn Annells , PhD, RN, Professor in Community Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora; Jacqui Allen , BA, M Psych, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood; Russell Nunn , BBSc, GradDipApplSocPsych, MSc, Researcher, Royal District Nursing Service Helen Macpherson Smith Institute of Community Health, St Kilda; Lyn Lang , BHSc, BEd, Med, RN, National Learning and Development Manager, The Regis Group, Armadale; Eileen Petrie , Post Grad Dip CPN, MNS, PhD, RN, Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Eileen Clark , BA, MLitt, MSocSci, GDipEnvMgt, Research Consultant, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Alan Robins , BA, GradDipPubPol, MSW, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorEileen Petrie
Authors: Merilyn Annells , PhD, RN, Professor in Community Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora; Jacqui Allen , BA, M Psych, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood; Russell Nunn , BBSc, GradDipApplSocPsych, MSc, Researcher, Royal District Nursing Service Helen Macpherson Smith Institute of Community Health, St Kilda; Lyn Lang , BHSc, BEd, Med, RN, National Learning and Development Manager, The Regis Group, Armadale; Eileen Petrie , Post Grad Dip CPN, MNS, PhD, RN, Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Eileen Clark , BA, MLitt, MSocSci, GDipEnvMgt, Research Consultant, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Alan Robins , BA, GradDipPubPol, MSW, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorEileen Clark
Authors: Merilyn Annells , PhD, RN, Professor in Community Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora; Jacqui Allen , BA, M Psych, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood; Russell Nunn , BBSc, GradDipApplSocPsych, MSc, Researcher, Royal District Nursing Service Helen Macpherson Smith Institute of Community Health, St Kilda; Lyn Lang , BHSc, BEd, Med, RN, National Learning and Development Manager, The Regis Group, Armadale; Eileen Petrie , Post Grad Dip CPN, MNS, PhD, RN, Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Eileen Clark , BA, MLitt, MSocSci, GDipEnvMgt, Research Consultant, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Alan Robins , BA, GradDipPubPol, MSW, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorAlan Robins
Authors: Merilyn Annells , PhD, RN, Professor in Community Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora; Jacqui Allen , BA, M Psych, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, School of Nursing, Deakin University, Burwood; Russell Nunn , BBSc, GradDipApplSocPsych, MSc, Researcher, Royal District Nursing Service Helen Macpherson Smith Institute of Community Health, St Kilda; Lyn Lang , BHSc, BEd, Med, RN, National Learning and Development Manager, The Regis Group, Armadale; Eileen Petrie , Post Grad Dip CPN, MNS, PhD, RN, Senior Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Eileen Clark , BA, MLitt, MSocSci, GDipEnvMgt, Research Consultant, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Wodonga; Alan Robins , BA, GradDipPubPol, MSW, RN, Lecturer in Nursing, Division of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic., Australia
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Aims and objectives. To evaluate a feasible, best practice mental health screening and referral clinical pathway for generalist community nursing care of war veterans and war widow(er)s in Australia.
Background. War veterans commonly experience mental health difficulties and do not always receive required treatment, as can also occur for war widow(er)s. Whenever opportunity arises, such as during community nursing care, it is vital to identify mental health problems in a health promotion framework.
Design. A clinical pathway was developed by literature review and consultation and then trialled and evaluated using mixed methods – quantitative and qualitative.
Methods. Community nurses who trialled the pathway completed an evaluation survey and attended focus groups. General practitioners responded to an evaluation survey.
Results. Most nurses found the pathway clear and easy to understand but not always easy to use. They emphasised the need to establish trust and rapport with clients prior to implementing the pathway. It was sometimes difficult to ensure effective referral to general practitioners for clients who screened positive for a mental health problem. When referral was accomplished, general practitioners reported adequate and useful information was provided. Some general practitioners also commented on the difficulty of achieving effective communication between general practitioners and nurses.
Conclusions. Nurses and some general practitioners found the pathway useful for their practice. They offered several suggestions for improvement by simplifying the trialled pathway and accompanying guidelines and strategies to improve communication between nurses and general practitioners. This study adds understanding of how community nurses might productively screen for mental health difficulties.
Relevance to clinical practice. The trialled pathway, which was modified and refined following the study, is an evidence-based resource for community nurses in Australia and similar contexts to guide practise and maximise holistic care for war veterans and war widow(er)s and possibly other client groups.
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