Biogeographic area relationships in southern New Zealand: a cladistic analysis of Lepidoptera distributions
Corresponding Author
Brent C. Emerson
Department of Zoology
†Corresponding author. Present address: School of Biological Sciences. University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, England.Search for more papers by this authorGraham P. Wallis
Department of Zoology
Centre for Gene Research, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorBrian H. Patrick
Department of Conservation, PO Box 5244, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Brent C. Emerson
Department of Zoology
†Corresponding author. Present address: School of Biological Sciences. University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, England.Search for more papers by this authorGraham P. Wallis
Department of Zoology
Centre for Gene Research, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorBrian H. Patrick
Department of Conservation, PO Box 5244, Dunedin, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
ABSTRACT. Recently, attention has been directed toward the application of cladistic techniques to reconstruct the history of areas from species distribution data. In this study, hypotheses of area relationships for southern New Zealand are generated from lepidopteran distribution data analysed at two taxonomic levels. Data are shown to possess cladistic structure and area relationships presented here are consistent with the geological history of the southern region of New Zealand. Our results suggest a recolonization of inland lowland regions from the south following a period of extinction during the early Pliocene. Analysis of selected data including only flightless or locally endemic species resulted in little resolution of area relationships but topologies were significantly congruent with a total species dataset. Hypotheses generated from this study are open to testing with congruence analysis using independent species phylogenies.
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