Full Access
The Langerhans cell: from gold to glitter*
J.A.A. HUNTER,
Corresponding Author
J.A.A. HUNTER
Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
Professor J.A.A. Hunter, Department of Dermatology, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH3 9YW.Search for more papers by this authorJ.A.A. HUNTER,
Corresponding Author
J.A.A. HUNTER
Department of Dermatology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland
Professor J.A.A. Hunter, Department of Dermatology, The Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh EH3 9YW.Search for more papers by this author*
The Dowling Oration given on 14 April 1982 in London.

References
- Aberer, W., Schuler, G., Stingl, G., Hönigsman, H. & Wolff, K. (1981) Ultraviolet light depletes surface markers of Langerhans cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 76(3), 202–210.
- Axelsson, S., Elofsson, R., Falck, B. & Sjöborg, S. (1978) In vitro uptake of L. Dopa and catecholamines into the epidermal Langerhans cell. Acta dermato-venereologica, Suppl. 79, 31–36.
- Basset, F., Nezelof, C., Mallet, R. & Turiaf, J. (1965) Nouvelle mise en evidence, par la microscopie élecironique, dc particulcs d'allure virale dans une seconde forme clinique de l'histiocytose X, le granulome éosinophile de l'os. Compté rendu hebdamodaire des séances de L'Académic da Sciences, 261, 5719–5720.
- Belsito, D.V., Flotte, T.J., Lim, H.W., Baer, R.L., Thorbecke, G.J, & Gigli, I. (1982) Effect of glucocorticosteroids on epidermal Langerhans cells. Journal if Experimental Medicine, 155, 291–302.
- Belter, S., Aberer, W., Stingl-Gazze, L.A., Wolff, K., Schuler, G. & Stingl, G. (1981) A new method for Langerhans cell enrichment. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 76, 427.
- Birbeck, M.S., Breathnach, A.S. & Everall, J.D. (1961) An electron microscopic study of basal melanocytes and high-level clear cells (Langerhans cells) in vitiligo. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 37, 51–63.
- Bleehen, S.S., Pathak, M.A., Hori, Y. & Fitzpatrick, T.B. (1968) Depigmentation of skin with 4-isopropylcatechol, mercaptoamines, and other compounds. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 50, 103–117.
- Braathen, L.R. & Thorsby, E. (1980) Studies on human epidermal Langerhan cells. I. Allo-activating and antigen-presenting capacity. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 11, 401.
- Braathen, L.R. & Thorsby, E. (1982) Studies on human epidermal Langerhans cells IV. HLA-D restriction of Langerhans cell-dependent antigen activation of T lymphocytes. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, 15, 55–61.
- Breathnach, A.S. (1963) A new concept of the relation between the Langerhans cell and the melanocyte. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 40, 279–281.
- Breathnach, A.S., Birbeck, M.S.C. & Everall, J.D. (1963) Observations bearing on the relationship between Langerhans cells and melanocytes. Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 100, 223–238.
- Breathnach, A.S. (1968) Signification functionelle des cellules de Langerhans de l'epiderme. Archives de Biachimie a Cosmétologie, 11, 11–28.
- Breathnach, A.S., Silvers, W.K., Smith, J. & Heyner, S. (1968) Langerhans cells in mouse skin experimentally deprived of its neural crest component. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 50, 147–180.
- Breathnach, A.S. (1980) Branched cells in the epidermis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 75, 6–11.
- Ebling, F.J.G. (1980) Homage to Paul Langerhans. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 75, 3–5.
- Elleder, M. (1975) Activity of α-D-mannosidase in human Langerhans epidermal cells. Virchows Archives (Cellular Pathology), 19, 93–96.
- Falck, B., Agrup, G., Jacobsson, S., Rorsman, H., Rosengren, E., Sachner, K. & Ogren, M. (1976) Uptake of L-dopa and functionally released aromatic amino acids into the Langerhans cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 66, 265.
- Ferreira-Marques, J. (1951) Systema sensitivum intra-epidermicum. Die Langerhansschen zellen als receptoren des hellen schmerzes. Doloriceptores. Archiv für Dermntologie und Syphilis, 193, 191–250.
- Fisher, M.S. & Kripke, M.L. (1979) Further studies on tumour-specific suppressor cells induced by ultraviolet irradiation. Journal of Immunology, 121, 1139–44.
- Friedmann, P. (1981) Disappearance of epidermal Langerhans cells during PUVA therapy. British Journal of Dermatology, 105, 219–221.
- Fox, I. J., Remy, L.L., Man-Sun, S.Y., Benacerraf, B. & Green, M. I. (1980) The influence of ultraviolet light irradiation on the immune system. Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology, 17, 141–155.
- Giacometti, L. & Barss, M. (1969) Paul Langerhans: a tribute. Archives of Dermatology, 100, 770–772.
- Green, I., Stingl, G., Shevach, E.M. & Katz, S.I. (1980) Antigen presentation and allogeneic stimulation by Langerhans cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 75, 44–45.
- Haniszko, J. & Suskind, R.R. (1963) The effect of ultraviolet radiation on experimental cutaneous sensitization in guinea pigs. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 40, 183–191.
- Hunter, J.A.A., Fairley, D.J., Priestley, G.C. & Cubie, H.A. (1976) Langerhans cells in the epidermis of athymic mice. British Journal of Dermatology, 94, 119–122.
- Jimbow, K., Sato, S. & Kukita, A. (1969) Cells containing Langerhans granules in human lymph nodes of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 53, 295–299.
- Jlmbow, K. & Uesugi, T. (1982) New melanogenesis and photobiological processes in activation and proliferation of precursor melanocytes after U.V. exposure: infrastructure differentiation of precursor melanocytes from Langerhans cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 78, 108–115.
- Johnson, L.L. (1978) Tail skin grafts do not show accelerated rejection on splenectomized hosts. Immunogenetics, 6, 483–486.
- Juhlin, L. & Shelley, W.B. (1977) New staining techniques for the Langerhans cell. Acta dermato-venereolagica, 57, 289–296.
- Katz, S.I., Tamaki, K. & Sachs, D.H. (1979) Epidermal Langerhans cells are derived from cells originating in bone marrow. Nature, 282, 324–326.
- Klaheskog, L., Tjernlund, U.M., Forsum, U. & Paterson, P.A. (1977) Epidermal Langerhans cells express la antigens. Nature, 268, 248–250.
- Klug, H. & Jaustein, U.-F. (1976) Ultrastructure of macrophage-lymphocyte interaction in purpura pigmentosa progressiva. Dermatologica, 153, 209–217.
- Kripke, M.L. (1974) Antigenicity of murine skin tumours induced by ultraviolet light. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 53, 1333–1336.
- Kripke, M.L. & Fisher, M.S. (1976) Immunologic parameters of ultraviolet carcinogenesis, Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 57, 211–215.
-
Langerhans, P. (1868) Über die nerven der menschltchen haut.
Virchows Archiv für Pathologische, Anatomie und Physiologie und für Klinische Medizin, 44, 325–337.
10.1007/BF01959006 Google Scholar
- Luger, T.A., Stadler, B.M., Katz, S.I. & Oppenheim, J.J. (1981) Epidermal cell(keratinocyte)-derived thymocyte-activating factor. Journal of Immunology, 127, 1493–1498.
- Mackenzie, I.C., Bickenbach, J.R. & Rittman, B.R. (1982) Reactivity of epidermal Langerhans cells to a histochemical method for demonstration of β-glucuronidase. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 78, 239–242.
-
MacKie, R.M. (1981) Initial event in mycosis fungoides of skin is viral infection of epidermal Langerhans cell.
Lancet, ii, 283–285.
10.1016/S0140-6736(81)90529-8 Google Scholar
- Mitchinson, N.A. (1979) Graft rejection, the histo-compatibility complex and the Langerhans' cell. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 4, 489–494.
- Moller, G. (1980) Immunological Reviews 53. Accessory cells, in the immune response. Munksgaard, Copenhagen .
- Morrison, H. (1937) Contribution to the Microscopic Anatomy of the Pancreas. By Paul Langerhans (Berlin, 1869). Reprint of the German original with an English translation and an introductory essay. Bulletin of the Institute of the History of Medicine, 5, 259–297.
- Morrison, W.L., Parrish, J.A., Block, K.J. & Krugler, J.I. (1979) Transient impairment of peripheral blood lymphocyte function during PUVA therapy. British Journal of Dermatology, 101, 391–397.
- Morrison, W.L., Parrish, J.P., Woester, M.E. & Black, L.J. (1980) The influence of PUVA and UVB irradiation on skin graft survival in rabbits. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 75, 331–333.
- Moss, C., Friedmann, P.S. & Shuster, S. (1981) Impaired contact hypersensitivity in untreated psoriasis and the effects of photochemotherapy and dithranol/UV-B. British Journal of Dermatology, 105, 503–508.
- Nordlund, J.J., Ackies, A.E. & Lerner, A.B. (1981) The effects of ultraviolet light and certain drugs on la bearing Langerhans cells in murine epidermis. Cellular Immunology, 60, 50–63.
- Oguchi, M., Komura, J., Tagami, H. & Ofuji, S. (1982) Ultrastructural studies of spontaneously regressing plane warts. Langerhans cells show marked activation. Archives of Dermatological Research, 271, 55–61.
- Okamoto, H. & Horio, T. (1981) The effect of 8-methoxypsoralen and long wave ultraviolet light on Langerhans cell. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 77, 345–346.
- Perry, L.L., Kripke, M.L., Benacerraf, B., Dorf, I.M.E, & Green, M.I. (1980) Regulation of immune response to tumour antigens. Cell Immunology, 51, 349–359.
- Potten, C.S. & Allen, T.D. (1976) A model implicating the Langerhans cell in keratinocyte proliferation control. Differentiation, 5, 443–447.
- Reams, W.M. & Tompkins, S.P. (1973) A developmental study of murine epidermal Langerhans cells. Developmental Biology, 31, 114–123.
- Riohter, R. (1956) Studien zur neurohistologie der nervösen vegetativen peripherie der haut bei verschiedenen chronisch-infektiösen granulomen, mit besonderer berücksichtigung der Langerhansschen zellen. Archiv für Klinische und Experimentelle Dermatologie, 202, 466–555.
- Riley, P.A. (1974) The Langerhans Cell. In: The Physiology and Pathology of the Skin (Ed. by A. Jarrett), Vol. 3. Academic Press, London .
- Rowden, G., Lewis, M.G. & Sullivan, A.K. (1977) la antigen expression on human epidermal Langerhans cells. Nature, 268, 247–248.
- Rowdem, G., Phillips, T.M. & Lewis, M.G. (1979) la antigens on indeterminate cells of the epidermis: immunoelectron microscopic studies of surface antigens. British Journal of Dermatology, 100, 531–542.
- Rowden, G., Phillips, T.M., Lewis, M.G. & Wilkinson, R.D. (1979) Target role of Langerhans cells in mycosis fungoides: Transmission and immuno-electron microscopic studies. Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, 6, 364–382.
- Rowden, G. (1981) The Langerhans Cell. C.R.C. Critical Reviews in Immunology, 3, 95–180.
- Runge, W., Younger, B. & Zelickson, A.S. (1981) Optical transforms of epidermal Langerhans cell granules. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 77(5), 421–429.
- Sagebiel, R.W. & Reed, T.D. (1968) Serial reconstruction of the characteristic granule of the Langerhans cell. Journal of Cell Biology, 36, 595–602.
- Sanel, F.T. & Serpick, A.A. (1970) Plasma, lemmal and subsurface complexes in human leukaemic cells: Membrane bonding by zipper-like junctions. Science, 168, 1458–1460.
- Schuler, G., Stingl, G. & Wolff, K. (1982) Coated Langerhans cell granules in histiocytosis X cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 78, 331–332.
- Schweizer, J. & Marks, F. (1977) A developmental study of the distribution and frequency of Langerhans cells in relation to formation of patterning in mouse tail epidermis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 69, 198–204.
- Shamoto, M., Kaplan, C. & Katoh, A. (1971) Langerhans cell granules in human hyperplastic lymph nodes. Archives of Pathology, 92, 46–52.
- Shelley, W.B. & Juhlin, L. (1976) Langerhans cells form a reticulocpithelial trap for external contact allergens. Nature, 261, 46–47.
- Silbekberg, I. (1973) Apposition of mononuclear cells to Langerhans cells in contact allergic reactions. An ultrastructural study. Acta dermato-venercologica, 53, 1–12.
- Silberberg-Sinakin, I. & Thorbecke, G.J. (1980) Contact hypersensitivity and Langerhans cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 75, 61–67.
- Silvers, W.K. (1957) A histochemical and experimental approach to determine the relationship between gold-impregnated dendritic cells and melanocytes. American Journal of Anatomy, 100, 225–239.
- Steinman, R.M, & Cohn, Z.A. (1973) Identification of a novel cell type in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice, I. Morphology, quantitation, tissue distribution, Journal of Experimental Medicine, 137, 1142–1162.
- Stingl, G., Wolff-Schreiner, E.G., Pichler, W.J., Gschnait, F. & Knapp, W. (1977) Epidermal Langerhans cells bear Fc and C3 receptors. Nature, 268, 245–246.
- Stingl, G., Katz, S.I., Green, I. & Shevach, E.M. (1980) The functional role of Langerhans cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 74, 315–318.
- Stingl, G., Gazze-Stingl, L.A., Aberer, W. & Wolff, K. (1981) Antigen presentation by murine epidermal Langerhans cells and its alteration by ultraviolet B light. Journal of Immunology, 127, 1707–1713.
- Strauss, G.H., Bridges, B.A., Greaves, M., Hall-Smith, P., Price, M. & Vella-Briffa, D. (1980) Inhibition of delayed hypersensitivity reaction in skin (DNCB) test by 8-methoxypsoralen photochemotherapy. Lancet, ii, 556.
- Streilein, J.W. (1978) Lymphocytic traffic, T cell malignancies and the skin. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 71, 167–171.
- Streilein, J.W., Toews, G.B. & Bergstresser, P.R. (1980) Langerhans cells: Functional aspects revealed by in vivo grafting studies. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 75, 17–21.
- Tjernlund, U. & Juhlin, L. (1982) Effect of UV-irradiation on immunological and histochemical markers of Langerhans cells in normal appearing skin of psoriatic patients. Archives of Dermatological Research, 272, 171–176.
- Toews, G.B., Bergstresser, P.R. & Streilein, J.W. (1980) Epidermal Langerhans cell density determines whether contact hypersensitivity or unresponsiveness follows skin painting with DNFB. Journal of Immunology, 124, 445–453.
- Unanue, E.R. (1981) The regulatory role of macrophages in antigen stimulation. Part two: Symbiotic relationship between lymphocytes and macrophages. Advances in Immunology, 31, 1–136.
- Van Der Loo, E.M., Van Muijen, G.N.P., Van Vloten, W.A., Beens, W., Scheffer, E. & Meijer, C.J.L.M. (1979) C-type virus-like particles specially localized in Langerhans cells and related cells of skin and lymph nodes of patients with mycosis fungoides and Sezary's Syndrome. A morphological and biochemical study. Virchow's Archives. B Cell Pathology, 31, 193–203.
- Wledman, A. (1952) Zur frage der sogenannien Langerhans-zellen der haut. Hautarzt, 3, 249–252.
- Wolff, K. (1967) The fine structure of the Langerhans cell granule, Journal of Cell Biology, 35, 468–473.
- Wolff, K. & Winkelmann, R.K. (1967) The influence of ultraviolet light on the Langerhans cell population and its hydrolytic enzymes in guinea pigs. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 48, 531–539.
- Wolff, K. & Schreiner, E. (1970) Uptake, intracellular transport and degradation of exogenous protein by Langerhans cells, An electron microscopic cytochemical study using peroxidase as tracer substance. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 54, 37–47.
- Wolff, K. (1972) The Langerhans Cell. In: Current Problems in Dermatology (Ed. by J.W.H. Mali) Vol. 4, pp. 79–145. S. Karger, Basel .
- Wong, Y.C. & Buck, R.C. (1971) Langerhans cell in epidermoid metaplastia. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 56, 10–17.
- Zelickson, A.S. (1967) Melanocyte, melanin granule and Langerhans cell. In: Ultrastructure of Normal and Abnormal Skin, pp. 163–182. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia .
- Zeuckson, A.S. & Mottaz, J.H. (1968) Epidermal dendritic cells. A quantitative survey. Archives of Dermatology, 98, 652–659.
- Zelickson, A.S., Mottaz, J.H. & Hunter, J.A.A. (1972) An electron microscopic study on the effect of ultraviolet irradiation on human skin: i. Autophagy and melanosome degradation in melanocytes. In: V. Riley (1972) Pigmentation. Its Genesis and Biologic Control, p. 445–450. Appleton-Century Crofts, New York .