Preparation of Stable Target Cells for Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
Shunro Sonoda
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shigenobu, Onsen-gun, Ehime, 791–02
Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790
Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Medical College, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-gun, Miyazaki, 889–16
Search for more papers by this authorYasuo Hitsumoto
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shigenobu, Onsen-gun, Ehime, 791–02
Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790
Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Medical College, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-gun, Miyazaki, 889–16
Search for more papers by this authorSayaka Utsumi
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shigenobu, Onsen-gun, Ehime, 791–02
Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790
Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Medical College, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-gun, Miyazaki, 889–16
Search for more papers by this authorShunsai Tarami
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shigenobu, Onsen-gun, Ehime, 791–02
Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790
Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Medical College, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-gun, Miyazaki, 889–16
Search for more papers by this authorMitsuaki Oseto
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shigenobu, Onsen-gun, Ehime, 791–02
Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790
Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Medical College, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-gun, Miyazaki, 889–16
Search for more papers by this authorYoichi Minamishima
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shigenobu, Onsen-gun, Ehime, 791–02
Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790
Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Medical College, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-gun, Miyazaki, 889–16
Search for more papers by this authorShunro Sonoda
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shigenobu, Onsen-gun, Ehime, 791–02
Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790
Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Medical College, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-gun, Miyazaki, 889–16
Search for more papers by this authorYasuo Hitsumoto
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shigenobu, Onsen-gun, Ehime, 791–02
Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790
Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Medical College, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-gun, Miyazaki, 889–16
Search for more papers by this authorSayaka Utsumi
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shigenobu, Onsen-gun, Ehime, 791–02
Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790
Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Medical College, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-gun, Miyazaki, 889–16
Search for more papers by this authorShunsai Tarami
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shigenobu, Onsen-gun, Ehime, 791–02
Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790
Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Medical College, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-gun, Miyazaki, 889–16
Search for more papers by this authorMitsuaki Oseto
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shigenobu, Onsen-gun, Ehime, 791–02
Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790
Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Medical College, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-gun, Miyazaki, 889–16
Search for more papers by this authorYoichi Minamishima
Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ehime University, Shigenobu, Onsen-gun, Ehime, 791–02
Ehime Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790
Department of Microbiology, Miyazaki Medical College, Kiyotake, Miyazaki-gun, Miyazaki, 889–16
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Using an avirulent strain of herpes simplex virus (HSV), SKa, and a methylcholanthrene induced sarcoma cell line, Meth A cells, we have developed a reliable target cell system for detection of cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against HSV-infected cells. SKa-infection in Meth A produced no progeny virus but induced HSV-specific surface antigens as revealed by radioimmunoassay using 125I-labeled HSV antibody. Spontaneous release of 51Cr from the SKa-infected Meth A cells was no more than that from uninfected control cells but a strong spontaneous 51Cr release was produced in Meth A cells infected with KOS, a virulent strain which produced a progeny virus in Meth A and was lytic for the cells. When used as a target, SKa-infected Meth A cells could detect HSV-specific cytotoxicity by spleen and lymph node lymphocytes of mice immunized with SKa and KOS. This system also detected effector cytotoxic lymphocytes stimulated in vitro by mixed cultures of immune spleen cells and KOS-infected Meth A cells. Thus, the system should be valuable in studies of cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against HSV-infected cells.
REFERENCES
- 1Arvin, A. M., Pollard, R. B., Rasmussen, L. E., and Merigan, T. C. 1980. Cellular and humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of recurrent herpes viral infections in the patients with lymphoma. J. Clin. Invest. 65: 869–878.
- 2Butchko, G. M., Armstrong, R. B., and Ennis, F. A. 1978. Specificity studies on the proliferative response to thymus-derived lymphocytes to influenza viruses. J. Immunol. 121: 2381–2385.
- 3Doherty, P. C., and Zinkernagel, R. M. 1976. Specific immune lysis of paramyxovirus-infected cells by H-2 compatible thymus-derived lymphocytes. Immunology 31: 27–32.
- 4Frankel, M. E., Effros, R. B., Doherty, P. C., and Gerhard, W. U. 1979. A monoclonal antibody to viral glycoprotein blocks virus-immune effector T cells operating at H-2Dd but not at H-2Kd. J. Immunol. 123: 2438–2440.
- 5Gange, R. W., DeBats, A., Park, J. R., Bradstreet, C.M.P., and Rhodes, E. L. 1975. Cellular immunity and circulating antibody to HSV in subjects with recurrent herpes simplex lesions and controls as measured by the mixed leukocyte migration test and complement fixation. Br. J. Dermatol. 93: 539–544.
- 6Hale, A. H., Witte, O. N., Baltimore, D., and Eisen, H. N. 1978. Vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein is necessary for H-2-restricted lysis of infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75: 970–974.
- 7Hayashi, K., Kurata, T., Morishima, T., and Nassery, T. 1980. Analysis of the inhibitory effect of peritoneal macrophages on the spread of Herpes simplex virus. Infect. Immun. 28: 350–358.
- 8Kirchner, H., Zawatzky, R., and Hirt, H. M. 1978. In vitro production of immune interferon by spleen cells of mice immunized with herpes simplex virus. Cell. Immunol. 40: 204–210.
- 9Kohl, S., Starr, S. E., Oleske, J. M., Shore, S. L., Ashman, R. B., and Nahmias, A. J. 1977. Human monocyte-macrophage-mediated antibody dependent cytotoxicity to herpes simplex virus-infected cells. J. Immunol. 118: 729–735.
- 10Lausch, R. N., Jones, C., Christie, D., Hay, K. A., and Rapp, F. 1975. Spleen cell-mediated cytotoxicity of hamster cells transformed by herpes simplex virus: Evidence for virus-specific membrane antigen. J. Immunol. 114: 459–465.
- 11Lawman, M.J.P., Rouse, B. T., Courtney, R. J., and Walker, R. D. 1980. Cell-mediated immunity against herpes simplex induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Infect. Immun. 27: 133–139.
- 12Lodmell, D. L., Niwa, A., Hayashi, K., and Notkins, A. L. 1973. Prevention of cell-to-cell spread of herpes simplex virus by leukocytes. J. Exp. Med. 137: 706–720.
- 13Lopez, C., and O'Reilly, R. J. 1977. Cell-mediated immune responses in recurrent herpes virus infections. J. Immunol. 118: 895–902.
- 14McFarland, H. F., Pedone, C. A., Mingioli, E. S., and McFarlin, D. E. 1980. The response of human lymphocyte subpopulations to measles, mumps, and vaccinia viral antigens. J. Immunol. 125: 221–225.
- 15McKendall, R. R., Klassen, T., and Baringer, J. R. 1979. Host defenses in herpes simplex infections of the nervous system: Effect of antibody on disease and viral spread. Infect. Immun. 23: 305–311.
- 16Morahan, P. S., Breinig, M. C., and McGeorge, M. B. 1977. Immune responses to vaginal or systemic infection of BALB/c mice immunized with herpes simplex virus type 2. J. Immunol. 119: 2030–2036.
- 17Nahmias, A. J., Shore, S. L., Kohl, S., Starr, S. E., and Ashman, R. B. 1976. Immunology of herpes simplex virus infection: Relevance to herpes simplex virus vaccines and cervical cancer, Cancer Res., 36: 836–844.
- 18Nahmias, A. J., Visintine, A. M., Reimer, C. B., Del Buno, I. Shore, S. L., and Starr, S. E. 1975. Herpes simplex virus infection of the fetus and newborn, p. 63–78. In S. Krugman, and A. A. Gershon (eds), National foundation symposium on fetus and newborn, Liss., New York.
- 19Nash, A. A., Quartey-Papafio, R., and Wildy, P. 1980. Cell-mediated immunity in herpes simplex virus-infected mice: Functional analysis of lymph node cells during periods of acute and latent infection, with reference to cytotoxic and memory cells. J. gen. Virol. 49: 309–317.
- 20Nisonoff, A., Wissler, F. C., Lipman, L. N., and Woernly, D. L. 1960. Separation of univalent fragment from the bivalent rabbit antibody molecule by reduction of disulfide bonds. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 89: 230–244.
- 21Nussenzweig, M. C., and Steinman, R. M. 1980. Contribution of dendritic cell types to stimulation of the murine syngeneic mixed leukocytes reaction. J. Exp. Med. 151: 1196–1212.
- 22Openshaw, H., Aher, L.V.S., Wohlenberg, C., Sekizawa, T., and Notkins, A. L. 1979. Acute and latent infection of sensory ganglia with herpes simplex virus: Immune control and virus reactivation. J. gen. Virol. 44: 205–215.
- 23Openshaw, H., Puga, A., and Notkins, A. L. 1979. Herpes simplex virus infection in sensory ganglia: Immune control, latency, and reactivation. Fed. Proc. 38: 2660–2665.
- 24O'Reilly, R. J., Chibbaro, A., Anger, E., and Lopez, C. 1977. Cell-mediated immune responses in patients with recurrent herpes simplex infections. II. Infection-associated deficiency of lymphokine production in patients with recurrent herpes labialis or herpes progenitalis. J. Immunol. 118: 1095–1102.
- 25Pfizenmaier, K., Jung, H., Stazinski-Powitz, A., Rollinghoff, M., and Wagner, H. 1977. The role of T cells in anti-herpes simplex virus immunity. I. Induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 119: 939–944.
- 26Price, R. W., and Schmitz, J. 1979. Route of infection, systemic host resistance, and integrity of ganglionic axons influence acute and latent herpes simplex virus infection of the superior cervical ganglion. Infect. Immun. 23: 373–383.
- 27Price, R. W., Walz, M. A., Wohlenberg, C., and Notkins, A. L. 1975. Latent infection of sensory ganglia with herpes simplex virus: Efficacy of immunization. Science 188: 938–940.
- 28Rager-Zisman, B., and Allison, A. C. 1976. Mechanism of immunologic resistance to herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infection. J. Immunol. 116: 35–40.
- 29Ramshaw, I. A. 1975. Lysis of herpes virus infected target cells by immune spleen cells. Infect. Immun. 11: 767–769.
- 30Rand, K. H., Rasmussen, E. L., Pollard, R. B., Arvin, A., and Merigan, T. C. 1976. Cellular immunity and herpes virus infections in cardiac transplant. N. Engl. J. Med. 296: 1372–1377.
- 31Rola-Pleszcynski, M. 1980. In vitro induction of human cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against herpes virus-infected cells: Characterization of the effector lymphocyte. J. Immunol. 125: 1475–1480.
- 32Rytel, M. W., and Niebojewski, R. A. 1978. The role of membrane association of antigens in induction of cell-mediated immunity to viruses. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 32: 302–308.
- 33Shaw, S., Shearer, G. M., and Biddison, W. E. 1980. Human cytotoxic T-cell responses to type A and type B influenza viruses can be restricted by different HLA antigens. Implication for HLA polymorphism and genetic regulation. J. Exp. Med. 151: 235–245.
- 34Shore, S. L., Cromeans, T. L., and Norrild, B. 1979. Early damage of herpes infected cells by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxity: Relative roles of virus-specific cell surface antigens and input virus. J. Immunol. 123: 2239–2244.
- 35Shimizu, F., Satoh, J., Tada, M., and Kumagai, K. 1978. Suppression of in vitro growth of virulent and avirulent herpes simplex viruses by cell-mediated immune mechanism, antibody, and interferon. Infect. Immun. 22: 752–757.
- 36Sonoda, S., and Schlamowitz, M. 1970. Studies of 125I trace labeleing of immunoglobulin G by chloramine-T. Immunochemistry 7: 885–898.
- 37Tada, M., Hinuma, S., Abo, T., and Kumagai, K. 1980. Murine antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: Failure to detect effector cells equivalent to human K cells. J. Immunol. 124: 1929–1936.
- 38Tomonari, K. 1980. Cytotoxic T cells generated in the autologous mixed lymphocytes reaction. I. Primary autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. J. Immunol. 124: 1111–1121.
- 39Yoshino, K., and Taniguchi, S. 1969. Isolation of a clone of herpes simplex virus highly attenuated for newborn mice and hamsters. Jpn. J. Exp. Med. 39: 223–232.
- 40Zaia, J. A., Leary, P. L., and Levin, M. J. 1978. Specificity of the blastogenic of human mononuclear cells to herpes antigens. Infect. Immun. 20: 646–651.
- 41Zinkernagel, R. M., and Althage, A. 1977. Antiviral protection by virus-immune cytotoxic T cells: Infected target cells are lysed before infectious virus progeny is assembled. J. Exp. Med. 145: 644–651.
- 42Zinkernagel, R. M., and Doherty, P. C. 1979. MHC-restricted cytotoxic T cells: Studies on the biological role of polymorphic major transplantation antigens determining T-cell restriction-specificity, function, and responsiveness. Adv. Immunol. 27: 52–177.
10.1016/S0065-2776(08)60262-X Google Scholar
Citing Literature
