Pollination of endangered Cuban cycad Microcycas calocoma (Miq.) A.DC.
ANDREW P. VOVIDES
Departamento de Sistemática Vegetal, Institute de Ecología, A.C. Apdo. Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
Search for more papers by this authorNISAO OGATA
Departamento de Sistemática Vegetal, Institute de Ecología, A.C. Apdo. Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
Search for more papers by this authorVICTORIA SOSA
Departamento de Sistemática Vegetal, Institute de Ecología, A.C. Apdo. Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
Search for more papers by this authorESPERANZA PEÑA-GARCÍA
Jardín Botánico National de Cuba, Carret. del Rocío km. 3.5. 19230 Calabazar-Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
Search for more papers by this authorANDREW P. VOVIDES
Departamento de Sistemática Vegetal, Institute de Ecología, A.C. Apdo. Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
Search for more papers by this authorNISAO OGATA
Departamento de Sistemática Vegetal, Institute de Ecología, A.C. Apdo. Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
Search for more papers by this authorVICTORIA SOSA
Departamento de Sistemática Vegetal, Institute de Ecología, A.C. Apdo. Postal 63, 91000 Xalapa, Veracruz, México
Search for more papers by this authorESPERANZA PEÑA-GARCÍA
Jardín Botánico National de Cuba, Carret. del Rocío km. 3.5. 19230 Calabazar-Boyeros, La Habana, Cuba
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Observations indicate that natural regeneration in the field of the cycad Microcycas calocoma (Miq.) A.DC. is extremely low, and has been so since early this century. It appears that populations of its insect pollinator are practically extinct, but some pollinator activity appears to be present in the largest population of Microcycas. Recommendations for identification and captive breeding of die pollinator are suggested as a complementary conservation strategy to a Microcycas propagation programme already established at the Cuban National Botanical Garden.
REFERENCES
- Akeroyd J, Wyse Jackson P. 1995. A handbook for botanic gardens on the reintroduction of plants to the wild. London : Botanic Gardens Conservation International.
- Bisse J, Sánchez C, Ranking R. 1984. Breve caracterización de la flora y vegetation de los mogotes de Sumidero (Pinar del Rio). Revista del Jardín Botdnko National 5: 77–97.
- Borhidi A. 1991. Phytogeography and vegetation ecology of Cuba. Budapest : Akademiai Kido.
- Brooks DR, McLennan DA. 1993. Historical ecology: examining phylogenetic components of community evolution. In: RE Ricklefs, D Schulter, eds. Species diversity in ecological communities. Historical and geographic perspectives. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 267–280.
- Brooks DR, Mayden RL, McLennan DA. 1992a. Phylogeny and biodiversity: conserving our evolutionary legacy. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7: 55–59.
- Brooks DR, Mayden RL, McLennan DA. 1992b. Phylogenetics and conservation. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7: 353.
-
Caldwell OW.
1907. Microcycas calocoma.
Botanical Gazette
44: 118–141.
10.1086/329295 Google Scholar
-
Chrysler MA.
1926. Vascular tissues of Microcycas calocoma.
Botanical Gazette
87: 233–252.
10.1086/333658 Google Scholar
- Crane PR. 1985. Phylogenetic analysis of seed plants and the origin of angiosperms. Annals of Missouri Botanical Garden 72: 716–793.
- Crane PR. 1988. Major clades and relationships in the “higher” gymnosperms. In: CB Beck, ed. Origin and evolution of gymnosperms. New York : Columbia University Press, 218–272.
- Crepet WL. 1974. Investigations of North American Cycadeoids: the reproductive biology of Cycadeoidea. Palaeontographka (B) 148: 144–169.
- Crowson RA. 1989. Relations of beedes to Cycads. Abstract, International Congress of Coleopterology. Barcelona : September 18–23. Associatión Europea de Coleoptereología, 13–15.
- Crowson RA. 1991. The relations of Coleoptera to Cycadales. In: MX Zunino Bellés, M Bias, eds. Advances in Coleopterology. Barcelona : AEC, 13–28.
- Delevoryas T. 1968. Investigations of North American Cycadeoids. Palaeontographka (B) 121: 122–133.
- Del Risco E, Morell J. 1984. Algunos apuntes sobre Microcycas calocoma (Miq.) A. DC. Revista del Jardín Botanico National 5: 111–131.
- Dorety HA. 1909. Vascular anatomy of the seedling of Microcycas calocoma. Botankal Gazette 47: 139–147.
- Doyle JA, Donoghue MJ. 1986. Seed plant phylogeny and the origin of angiosperms: An experimental cladistic approach. Botankal Review 52: 321–431.
-
Downie DG.
1928. Male gametophyte of Mkrocycas calocoma.
Botankal Gazette
85: 437–450.
10.1086/333855 Google Scholar
- Espinosa E. 1996. Observaciones fenológicas y síndrome de la polinización (in situ) en Dwon califanoi (Zamiaceae) De Luca & Sabato. Bachelor thesis, Xalapa : Universidad Veracruzana.
- Fawcett PKS, Norstog KJ. 1993. Zamia pumila in Soudi Florida: A preliminary report on its pollinators R. slossoni, a snout weevil and P. zamiae, a clavicom beede. In: D Stevenson, KJ Norstog, eds. Proceedings of Cycad 90, the second international conference on cycad biology. Milton : Palm & Cycad Societies of Australia Ltd. 109–120.
- Forster PI, Machin PJ, Mound L, Wilson GW. 1994. Insects associated with reproductive structures of cycads in Queensland and northeast New South Wales, Australia. Bwtropca 26: 217–222.
- Foster AS, San Pedro MR. 1942. Field studies on Microcycas calocoma. Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural Felipe Poey 162: 105–121.
- Jones DL. 1993. Cycads of the world: ancient plants in today's landscape. Chatswood , Australia : Reed.
- Lucas G, Synge H. 1978. The IUCNplant red data book. Morges : IUCN.
- Muñiz R, Barrera A. 1969. Rhopalotria dimidiata Chevrolat, 1878: Estudio morfológico del adulto y descriptión de la larva (Ins. Col. Curcul.: Oxycoryninae). Revista de la Sockdad Mexkana de Historia Natural 30: 205–222.
- Niklas KJ, Norstog K. 1984. Aerodynamics and pollen grain depositional patterns on cycad megastrobili: implications on the reproduction of three cycad genera (Cycas, Dioon, and Zamia) Botanical Gazette 145: 92–104.
- Norstog KJ. 1980. Wind? or insects? the pollination of cycads. Fairchild Tropical Garden Bulletin 35: 28–30.
- Norstog K. 1987. Cycads and the origin of insect pollination. American Scientist 75: 270–279.
- Norstog KJ. 1990. Spermatozoids of Microcycas calocoma: ultrastructure. Botankal Gazette 151: 275–284.
- Norstog KJ, Stevenson DW, Niklas KJ. 1986. The role of beedes in the pollination of Zamia furfuracea L. fil. (Zamiaceae). Biotropica 18: 300–306.
- Norstog KJ, Fawcett PKS. 1989 Insect-cycad symbiosis and its relation to the pollination of Zamia furfuracea (Zamiaceae) by Rhopalotria mollis (Curculionidae). American Journal of Botany 76: 1380–1394.
- Norstog KJ, Fawcett PKS, Vovides AP. 1992. Beede pollination of two species of Zamia; evolutionary and ecological considerations. Palaeobotanist 41: 149–158.
- Osborne R, Milanés-Santana R. 1995. Mkmcycas calocoma (Mq.) A.DC. Encephalartos 42: 4–11.
- Peña-García E, Grillo E. 1982. Proliferation de Micmcycas calocoma (Miq.) A. DC. “in vitro”. Revista del Jardín Botanko Motional 3: 177–196.
- Peña-García E, Díaz-Canals L, Grillo-Mensa E. 1986. Micmcycas calocoma: caracteres de la semilla y su germinación. Revista deljardin Botánko Nacional 7: 55–70.
- Peña-Garcia E, Chaves-Guevara R, Pimentel-Pimentel O. 1988. Micmcycas calocoma: hallazgos interesantes con vistas a sus posibilidades de conservation. Revista del Jardín Botanko Nacional 92: 87–99.
- Peña-García E, López-García PI. 1995. Saving Micmcycas. Garden News. Summer : p. 19.
- Peña-García E, López-García PI, Lazcano-Lara J, Pérez-Montesinos D, Torriente-Campos Z. 1997. La reproducción sexual en Micmcycas I. Estudios de monitoreo in situ. Revista del Jardín Botánko Nacional 15: (in press).
- Peña-García E, López-García PI, Pérez-Montesinos D. La reproductión sexual en Micmcycas II. El aparato reproductor masculino y la polinización como factor de riesgo. Revista del Jardín Botánuo Nacional 15: (in press).
-
Reynolds LG.
1924. Female gametophyte of Microcycas.
Botankal Gazette
77: 391–403.
10.1086/333340 Google Scholar
- Sánchez-Rotonda G. 1993 Registro de la polinización por coleopteros en una población natural de Ceratozamia mexkana Brong. (Zamiaceae). Bachelor thesis: Xalapa , Facultad de Biologia, Universidad Veracruzana.
- Silva-Taboada G. 1992. The conservation of animal diversity in Cuba. In: N Eldredge, ed. Systematks, ecology and the biodiversity crisis. New York : Columbia University Press, 169–177.
- Stevenson DW. 1990. Morphology and systematics of the Cycadales. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 57: 8–55.
- Tang W. 1987a. Insect pollination in the cycad Zamia pumila (Zamiaceae) American Journal of Botany 74: 90–99.
- Tang W. 1987b. Heat production in cycad cones. Botankal Gazette 148: 165–174.
- Vovides AP. 1991. Insect symbionts of some mexican cycads in their natural habitat. Biotropka 23: 102–104.