Patient Selection, Statistical Presumption, and Uncertainty of Outcomes
First published: 02 July 2007
References
- 1 Roussanov O, Estacio G, Capuno M, et al. Outcomes of unexplained syncope in the elderly. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 2007; 16: 249 – 254.
- 2 Hirsch GA, Ingkanisorn WP, Schulman SP, et al. Age-related vascular stiffness and left ventricular size after myocardial infarction. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 2007; 16: 222 – 228.
- 3 Witham MD, Argo IS, Johnston DW, et al. Long-term follow up of very old heart failure patients enrolled in a trial of exercise training. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 2007; 16: 243 – 248.
- 4 Bouchard JL, Aurigemma GP, Goldberg RJ, et al. Heart failure in the “oldest old”: clinical and echocardiographic insights. Am J Geriatr Cardiol. 2007; 16: 236 – 242.
- 5 Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002; 288: 321 – 333.
- 6 The Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy. JAMA. 2004; 291: 1701 – 1712.
- 7 Hsia J, Heiss G, Ren H, et al, for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Calcium/vitamin D supplementation and cardiovascular events. Circulation. 2007; 115: 846 – 854.
- 8 The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342: 154 – 160.
- 9 Howard BV, Van Horn L, Hsia J, et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease: The Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled dietary modification trial. JAMA. 2006; 295: 655 – 666.
- 10 Evangelista A, Tornos P, Sambola A, et al. Long-term vasodilator therapy in patients with severe aortic regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353: 1342 – 1349.
- 11 Scognamiglio R, Rahimtoola SH, Giuseppe Fasoli G, et al. Nifedipine in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation and normal left ventricular function. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331: 689 – 694.
- 12 Cowell SJ, Newby DE, Prescott RJ, et al, for the Scottish Aortic Stenosis and Lipid Lowering Trial, Impact on Regression (SALTIRE) Investigators. A randomized trial of intensive lipid-lowering therapy in calcific aortic stenosis. N Engl J Med. 2005; 352: 2389 – 2397.
- 13 Grodstein F, Manson JE, Colditz GA, et al. A prospective, observational study of postmenopausal hormone therapy and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Ann Intern Med. 2000; 133: 933 – 941.
- 14 ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet. 1988; 2: 349 – 360.
- 15 Schulz KF, Grimes DA. Multiplicity in randomized trials II: subgroup and interim analyses. Lancet. 2005; 365: 1657 – 1661.
