Organizing a mucosal defense
Rodney D. Newberry,
Robin G. Lorenz,
Rodney D. Newberry
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Robin G. Lorenz
Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
* Robin Lorenz Department of Pathology University of Alabama at Birmingham 845 19th Street South BBRB 730 Birmingham, AL 35294-2170 USA Tel.: +1 205 934 0676 Fax: +1 205 975 8310 E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorRodney D. Newberry,
Robin G. Lorenz,
Rodney D. Newberry
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Robin G. Lorenz
Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
* Robin Lorenz Department of Pathology University of Alabama at Birmingham 845 19th Street South BBRB 730 Birmingham, AL 35294-2170 USA Tel.: +1 205 934 0676 Fax: +1 205 975 8310 E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Summary: Gastrointestinal associated lymphoid tissue can be divided into loosely organized effector sites, which include the lamina propria and intraepithelial lymphocytes, and more organized structures, such as mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs), Peyer's patches (PPs), isolated lymphoid follicles, and cryptopatches (CPs). These organized structures in the gastrointestinal tract have been hypothesized to play the role of primary lymphoid organ, supporting the extrathymic development of T lymphocytes (CPs), secondary lymphoid organs involved in the induction of the mucosal immune response (PPs), and tertiary lymphoid structures whose function is still under debate (isolated lymphoid follicles). The most widely studied lymphoid structure found in the small intestine is the PP. PPs are secondary lymphoid structures, and their development and function have been extensively investigated. However, single lymphoid aggregates resembling PPs have been also described in humans and in the murine small intestines. These isolated lymphoid follicles have both germinal centers and an overlying follicle-associated epithelium, suggesting that they also can function as inductive sites for the mucosal immune response. This review compares and contrasts the development and function of the four main organized gastrointestinal lymphoid tissues: CPs, isolated lymphoid follicles, PPs, and mesenteric LNs.
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