How to attract them and keep them: the pharmacy attributes that matter to Australian residents with chronic conditions
Corresponding Author
Sara S. McMillan
School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia
Correspondence
Miss Sara S. McMillan, Griffith Health Institute, School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Room 2.15, Building L08, University Drive, Meadowbrook, Qld 4131, Australia.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAdem Sav
School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorFiona Kelly
School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorMichelle A. King
School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorJennifer A. Whitty
Centre for Applied Health Economics, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorAmanda J. Wheeler
School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Sara S. McMillan
School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia
Correspondence
Miss Sara S. McMillan, Griffith Health Institute, School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Room 2.15, Building L08, University Drive, Meadowbrook, Qld 4131, Australia.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAdem Sav
School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorFiona Kelly
School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorMichelle A. King
School of Pharmacy, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorJennifer A. Whitty
Centre for Applied Health Economics, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia
Search for more papers by this authorAmanda J. Wheeler
School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University, Meadowbrook, Queensland, Australia
School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Objective
To explore the attributes of pharmacy choice for people with chronic conditions.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted between May and October 2012, across four regions in three Australian states. Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants with chronic conditions and unpaid carers. Interviews were analysed via the constant comparison method.
Key findings
Ninety-seven interviews were conducted. The majority of participants were regular patrons of one pharmacy and five attributes influenced this choice: patient-centred care, convenience, price, personal trait or preference and service/medication need. Patient-centred care, such as providing individualised medication counselling, continuity of care, development of relationships and respectful advice, emerged as an important attribute. There was minimal discussion as to choosing a pharmacy based on the provision of professional services, underscoring the limited consumer knowledge of such services and related standards of care.
Conclusion
Patient-centred care is an important attribute of quality care as perceived by people who are regular community pharmacy users. These findings highlight the need for pharmacy staff to implement a patient-centred approach to care, thus meeting the perceived needs of their customers. A greater effort is also necessary to raise the profile of pharmacy as a healthcare destination.
References
- 1 Blendon RJ et al. Common concerns amid diverse systems: health care experiences in five countries. Health Aff (Millwood) 2003; 22: 106–121.
- 2 Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. Patient-Centred Care: Improving Quality and Safety through Partnerships with Patients and Consumers. Sydney, NSW: Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care, 2011.
- 3 Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care. Patient and Consumer Centred Care Discussion Paper. Canberra, ACT: Australian Commission on Safety and Quality on Health Care, 2010. http://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/PCCC-DiscussPaper.pdf (accessed 10 January 2013).
- 4 Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2001. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309072808 (accessed 10 January 2013).
- 5 George P et al. The evolving role of the community pharmacist in chronic disease management – a literature review. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2010; 39: 861–867.
- 6 World Health Organization. Noncommunicable Diseases Country Profiles 2011. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011. http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_profiles2011/en/ (accessed 10 January 2013).
- 7 Blalock SJ et al. The effect of community pharmacy based interventions on patient health outcomes: a systematic review. Med Care Res Rev 2013; 70: 235–266.
- 8 Program Specific Guidelines. Pharmacy Practice Incentives (PPI). Canberra, ACT; Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing; The Pharmacy Guild of Australia, 2012. http://www.5cpa.com.au/docs/librariesprovider5/public-documents/initiatives-and-programs/ppi/primary-health-care/ppi-program-specific-guidelines-november-2012.pdf?sfvrsn=2 (accessed 10 January 2013).
- 9 The Pharmacy Guild of Australia. Initatives and Programs. Adelaide, SA: The Pharmacy Guild of Australia, 2010.
- 10 White L, Klinner C. Service quality in community pharmacy: an exploration of determinants. Res Soc Admin Pharm 2012; 8: 122–132.
- 11 McMillan SS et al. Patient centred approaches to health care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Med Care Res Rev 2013 (accessed 1 August 2013, epub ahead of print). doi: 10.1177/1077558713496318
- 12 Villako P, Raal A. A survey of Estonian consumer expectations from the pharmacy service and a comparison with the opinions of pharmacists. Pharm World Sci 2007; 29: 546–550.
- 13 Gastelurrutia MA et al. Customers' expectations and satisfaction with a pharmacy not providing advanced cognitive services. Pharm World Sci 2006; 28: 374–376.
- 14 Oparah AC, Kikanme LC. Consumer satisfaction with community pharmacies in Warri, Nigeria. Res Social Adm Pharm 2006; 2: 499–511.
- 15
KT X. Choice of and overall satisfaction with pharmacies among a community-dwelling elderly population. Med Care 2002; 40: 1283–1293.
10.1097/00005650-200212000-00015 Google Scholar
- 16 Chen Y-C et al. Public views of community pharmacists in Taiwan. Int J Pharm Pract 2012; 20: 203–206.
- 17 Attree M. Patients' and relatives' experiences and perspectives of ‘Good’ and ‘Not so Good’ quality care. J Adv Nurs 2001; 33: 456–466.
- 18 Naik Panvelkar P et al. Measurement of patient satisfaction with community pharmacy services: a review. Pharm World Sci 2009; 31: 525–537.
- 19 Um IS et al. Consumer perspectives about weight management services in a community pharmacy setting in NSW, Australia. Health Expect 2012 (accessed 10 January 2013, epub ahead of print). doi: 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2012.00788.x
- 20
Teh R et al. Consumer perspectives of pharmacist-delivered healtn information and screening services. Int J Pharm Pract 2001; 9: 261–267.
10.1111/j.2042-7174.2001.tb01057.x Google Scholar
- 21 Taylor J et al. A community pharmacy-based cardiovascular screening service: views of service users and the public. Int J Pharm Pract 2012; 20: 277–284.
- 22
Arneson DL et al. Patronage motives of community pharmacy patrons. J Pharm Mark Manag 1989; 4: 3–22.
10.3109/J058v04n02_02 Google Scholar
- 23
Whitehead P et al. Patient drug information and consumer choice of pharmacy. Int J Pharm Pract 1999; 7: 71–79.
10.1111/j.2042-7174.1999.tb00952.x Google Scholar
- 24
Phul S et al. Pharmacy services and patient choice: insights into differences between patient groups. Int J Pharm Pract 2003; 11: 233–242.
10.1211/0022357022692 Google Scholar
- 25 The Pharmacy Guild of Australia. Final Report: Consumer Experiences, Needs and Expectations of Community Pharmacy. Canberra, ACT: Australian Government, Department of Health and Ageing, 2005. http://guild.org.au/docs/default-source/public-documents/services-and-programs/research-and-development/Third-Agreement-R-and-D/2005-501/final-report.pdf?sfvrsn=0 (accessed 10 January 2013).
- 26 Lawrence Neuman W. Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Apporaches. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc., 2011.
- 27 Liamputtong P. Research Methods in Health: Foundations for Evidence-Based Practice. Sydney, NSW: Oxford University Press, 2010.
- 28 Sav A et al. Treatment burden among people with chronic illness: what are consumer health organisations saying? Chronic Illn 2013; 9: 220–232.
- 29
McMillan S et al. Community pharmacy in Australia: the health hub destination of the future. Res Soc Admin Pharm 2012 (accessed 10 January 2013, epub ahead of print). doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.11.003
10.1016/j.sapharm.2012.11.003 Google Scholar
- 30 Roulston K. Considering quality in qualitative interviewing. Qual Res 2010; 10: 199–228.
- 31 Boeije H. A purposeful approach to the constant comparative method in the analysis of qualitative interviews. Qual Quant 2002; 36: 391–409.
- 32 Glaser BG. The constant comparative method of qualitative analysis. Soc Probl 1965; 12: 436–445.
- 33 Sim J, Wright C. Research in Health Care: Concepts, Designs and Methods. London: Stanley Thornes (Publishers) Ltd, 2000.
- 34 Bowen GA. Naturalistic inquiry and the saturation concept: a research note. Qual Res 2008; 8: 137–152.
- 35 Morgan S, Yoder LH. A concept analysis of person-centered care. J Holist Nurs 2012; 30: 6–15.
- 36 Dancet EA et al. Patients from across Europe have similar views on patient-centred care: an international multilingual qualitative study in infertility care. Hum Reprod 2012; 27: 1702–1711.
- 37 Victoor A et al. Determinants of patient choice of healthcare providers: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2012; 12: 272.
- 38 Denhov A, Topor A. The components of helping relationships with professionals in psychiatry: users' perspective. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2012; 58: 417–424.
- 39
Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Naturalistic Inquiry. Newberry Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc., 1985.
10.1016/0147-1767(85)90062-8 Google Scholar
- 40 Peterson GM et al. Public perceptions of the role of Australian pharmacists in cardiovascular disease. J Clin Pharm Ther 2010; 35: 671–677.
- 41 Worley MM et al. Pharmacists' and patients' roles in the pharmacist-patient relationship: are pharmacists and patients reading from the same relationship script? Res Soc Admin Pharm 2007; 3: 47–69.
- 42 Gidman W et al. Understanding public trust in services provided by community pharmacists relative to those provided by general practitioners: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2012; 2: e000939. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-000939
- 43 Rapport F et al. Through the looking glass: public and professional perspectives on patient-centred professionalism in modern-day community pharmacy. Forum Qual Soc Res 2010; 11: article 7.