Updates from medicine
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to treat malignant melanoma: the dawn of a chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy from autologous donor
Luca Roncati MD, PhD,
Beniamino Palmieri MD, PhD,
Corresponding Author
Luca Roncati MD, PhD
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, Modena (MO), Italy
Correspondence
Luca Roncati, md, phd
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences
Institute of Pathology
University Hospital of Modena
Policlinico, I-41124 Modena (MO)
Italy
E-mail: [email protected];[email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorBeniamino Palmieri MD, PhD
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, Modena (MO), Italy
Search for more papers by this authorLuca Roncati MD, PhD,
Beniamino Palmieri MD, PhD,
Corresponding Author
Luca Roncati MD, PhD
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, Modena (MO), Italy
Correspondence
Luca Roncati, md, phd
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences
Institute of Pathology
University Hospital of Modena
Policlinico, I-41124 Modena (MO)
Italy
E-mail: [email protected];[email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorBeniamino Palmieri MD, PhD
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Hospital of Modena, Modena (MO), Italy
Search for more papers by this authorConflict of interest: None.
Funding source: None.
Abstract
Background
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are B, T-helper, and T-cytotoxic lymphocytes migrated from the blood or lymph stream toward a tumor with the aim to infiltrate and destroy it. They can be histologically graded as brisk, nonbrisk, or absent. Malignant melanoma has been the first malignancy found to be correlated with TILs status, being brisk TILs associated with better clinical outcomes. By the terminology of “adoptive cell transfer” (ACT), the medical oncology refers to the transfer of cells in a tumor-bearing patient from the same recipient or a healthy donor.
Methods
A PubMed literature search on the topic has been performed. Additional documents known to the authors and identified from the reference list of cited publications have been included.
Results
In the past, autologous TILs ACT was successfully tested for the treatment of malignant melanoma and, today, it is a standardized procedure in several centers around the world. It represents the first research step toward the bioengineered chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy from autologous donor.
Conclusions
Both autologous TILs ACT and CAR-T cell therapy from autologous donor exploit the anticancer power of targeted self-lymphocytes, but CAR-T cell technology also virtually allows treatment of those melanomas devoid of TILs or with so few cytotoxic TILs that are difficult to identify.
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