Effects of exercise training on breast cancer metastasis in a rat model
Antonieta Alvarado
Área de Patología, Decanato de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Centroccidental ‘Lisandro Alvarado’ (UCLA), Lara, Venezuela
Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorRui M. Gil da Costa
Grupo de Oncologia Molecular e Patologia Viral, CI-IPOP, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculdade de Engenharia, LEPABE, Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorAna I. Faustino-Rocha
Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
Organic Chemistry of Natural Products and Foodstuffs (QOPNA), Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorRita Ferreira
Organic Chemistry of Natural Products and Foodstuffs (QOPNA), Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorCarlos Lopes
Grupo de Oncologia Molecular e Patologia Viral, CI-IPOP, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Paula A. Oliveira
Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
Correspondence:
Paula A. Oliveira
Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro
UTAD 5001-911
Vila Real
Portugal
Tel.: 351 25935000
Fax: 351 259350480
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorBruno Colaço
Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
Department of Zootechnics, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorAntonieta Alvarado
Área de Patología, Decanato de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Centroccidental ‘Lisandro Alvarado’ (UCLA), Lara, Venezuela
Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorRui M. Gil da Costa
Grupo de Oncologia Molecular e Patologia Viral, CI-IPOP, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Faculdade de Engenharia, LEPABE, Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorAna I. Faustino-Rocha
Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
Organic Chemistry of Natural Products and Foodstuffs (QOPNA), Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorRita Ferreira
Organic Chemistry of Natural Products and Foodstuffs (QOPNA), Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorCarlos Lopes
Grupo de Oncologia Molecular e Patologia Viral, CI-IPOP, Instituto Português de Oncologia do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Paula A. Oliveira
Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
Correspondence:
Paula A. Oliveira
Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro
UTAD 5001-911
Vila Real
Portugal
Tel.: 351 25935000
Fax: 351 259350480
E-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorBruno Colaço
Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
Department of Zootechnics, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
Search for more papers by this authorSummary
Exercise training is thought to play a protective role against cancer development and metastasis, either by reducing hormonal stimulation of hormone-dependent cancers or by reducing the permeability of vascular walls towards invading metastatic cells. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the role of long-term exercise training in the development and metastasis of breast cancer, in an immune-competent 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea (MNU) induced rat model. A single MNU dose was administered to Sprague-Dawley rats at 50 days of age and the rats were subjected to exercise training on a treadmill at 20 m/min, 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 35 weeks. Exercised animals developed slightly less (2.30 ± 1.42) tumours per animal than sedentary animals (2.55 ± 1.44) and did not develop any metastasis, while two pulmonary metastases were observed in the sedentary group. All primary neoplasms and their metastases were positive for oestrogen (ER) α and progesterone (PR) receptors, indicating high hormonal sensitivity. Interestingly, exercise training increased circulating oestrogen levels, thus suggesting that the mechanism might involve either or both of a protective hormone-independent effect and modulation of tumoural vascularization.
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