Prevalence and risk/protective indicators of peri-implant diseases: A university-representative cross-sectional study
Corresponding Author
Mario Romandini
Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Correspondence
Mario Romandini, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Data curation (lead), Formal analysis (lead), Funding acquisition (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (lead), Project administration (equal), Supervision (equal), Visualization (lead), Writing - original draft (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorCristina Lima
Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Investigation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorIgnacio Pedrinaci
Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Contribution: Investigation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorAna Araoz
Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Investigation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorMaria Costanza Soldini
Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorMariano Sanz
Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Contribution: Funding acquisition (equal), Methodology (supporting), Project administration (equal), Resources (equal), Supervision (equal), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Mario Romandini
Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Correspondence
Mario Romandini, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Data curation (lead), Formal analysis (lead), Funding acquisition (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (lead), Project administration (equal), Supervision (equal), Visualization (lead), Writing - original draft (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorCristina Lima
Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Investigation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorIgnacio Pedrinaci
Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Contribution: Investigation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorAna Araoz
Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Investigation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorMaria Costanza Soldini
Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorMariano Sanz
Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense, Madrid, Spain
Contribution: Funding acquisition (equal), Methodology (supporting), Project administration (equal), Resources (equal), Supervision (equal), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Aim
To evaluate the prevalence of peri-implant diseases and to identify risk/protective indicators of peri-implantitis.
Materials and Methods
Two hundred and forty randomly selected patients from a university clinic database were invited to participate. Those who accepted, once data from their medical and dental history were collected, were examined clinically and radiographically to assess the prevalence of peri-implant health and diseases. Peri-implantitis was defined as the presence of BoP/SoP together with radiographic bone levels (BL) ≧2 mm. An intermediate peri-implant health category between peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis was also identified, defined by the presence of BoP/SoP together with 1 mm ≦BL < 2 mm. A multilevel multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify those factors associated either positively (risk) or negatively (protective) with peri-implantitis.
Results
Ninety-nine patients with a total of 458 dental implants were analyzed. The prevalences of pre-periimplantitis and of peri-implantitis were, respectively, 31.3% and 56.6% at patient-level, while 31.7% and 27.9% at implant level. The following factors were identified as risk indicators for peri-implantitis: smoking (OR = 3.59; 95% CI: 1.52–8.45), moderate/severe periodontitis (OR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.20–6.36), <16 remaining teeth (OR = 2.23; 95% CI: 1.05–4.73), plaque (OR = 3.49; 95% CI: 1.13–10.75), implant malposition (too vestibular: OR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.17–6.93), implant brand (Nobel vs. Straumann: OR = 4.41;95% CI: 1.76–11.09), restoration type (bridge vs. single crown: OR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.19–5.12), and trauma as reason of tooth loss (vs. caries: OR = 6.51; 95% CI: 1.45–29.26). Conversely, the following factors were identified as protective indicators: interproximal flossing/brushing (OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.11–0.68), proton pump inhibitors (OR = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.90), and anticoagulants (OR = 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01–0.56).
Conclusions
Peri-implant diseases are highly prevalent among patients with dental implants in this university-based population. Several factors were identified as risk- and protective- indicators of peri-implantitis.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this study. This study was partially funded by the Osteology Foundation through a Young Research Grant to Dr. Mario Romandini (project n. 15–251).
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| clr13684-sup-0001-TabS1-S4.docxWord document, 89 KB | Tab S1-S4 |
| clr13684-sup-0002-AppS1.docxWord document, 25.6 KB | App S1 |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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