Triterpenoid From Persimmon Leaves (Diospyros kaki L.f.) Exerted Anti–Type 2 Diabetic Effects and No Toxicity in Experimental Animals
Hung Van Nguyen
Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
Contribution: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorHa Thu Thi Nguyen
Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Contribution: Investigation, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorNhan Trong Le
Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
Contribution: Investigation, Formal analysis
Search for more papers by this authorTrang Quynh Tran
Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Contribution: Investigation, Data curation
Search for more papers by this authorLoan Thanh Thi Nguyen
Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Contribution: Validation, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorThanh Phuong Mai
Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Contribution: Methodology, Software
Search for more papers by this authorPhong Xuan Pham
Military Institute of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam
Contribution: Methodology, Investigation
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Anh Van Thi Pham
Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Correspondence:
Anh Van Thi Pham ([email protected])
Hoai Thi Nguyen ([email protected])
Contribution: Data curation, Visualization, Writing - review & editing, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hoai Thi Nguyen
Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
Correspondence:
Anh Van Thi Pham ([email protected])
Hoai Thi Nguyen ([email protected])
Contribution: Conceptualization, Project administration, Writing - review & editing, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorHung Van Nguyen
Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
Contribution: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorHa Thu Thi Nguyen
Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Contribution: Investigation, Writing - original draft
Search for more papers by this authorNhan Trong Le
Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
Contribution: Investigation, Formal analysis
Search for more papers by this authorTrang Quynh Tran
Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Contribution: Investigation, Data curation
Search for more papers by this authorLoan Thanh Thi Nguyen
Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Contribution: Validation, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorThanh Phuong Mai
Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Contribution: Methodology, Software
Search for more papers by this authorPhong Xuan Pham
Military Institute of Traditional Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam
Contribution: Methodology, Investigation
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Anh Van Thi Pham
Department of Pharmacology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
Correspondence:
Anh Van Thi Pham ([email protected])
Hoai Thi Nguyen ([email protected])
Contribution: Data curation, Visualization, Writing - review & editing, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hoai Thi Nguyen
Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam
Correspondence:
Anh Van Thi Pham ([email protected])
Hoai Thi Nguyen ([email protected])
Contribution: Conceptualization, Project administration, Writing - review & editing, Supervision
Search for more papers by this authorFunding: This work was supported by Hue University (DHH2024-04-210).
Hung Van Nguyen and Ha Thu Thi Nguyen equally contributed to this paper.
BCPT recognizes the potential of Natural Product studies in the identification of new therapies but wishes to emphasize that findings based on uncharacterized mixtures of compounds are preliminary in nature and serve primarily as hypothesis-generating to form the basis for more elaborate investigations.
ABSTRACT
The acute and subchronic toxicity, along with the anti–type 2 diabetic effects, of a triterpenoid extract from persimmon leaves (Tri DKL) was evaluated in animals. Acute oral toxicity was assessed in Swiss mice, whereas subchronic toxicity was investigated in Wistar rats given Tri DKL at 125 and 375 mg/kg body weight (BW) daily for 90 days. Type 2 diabetes was induced in Swiss mice via an 8-week high-fat diet, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg BW). Diabetic mice were subsequently treated with Tri DKL at 250 and 750 mg/kg BW/day for 2 weeks. Results showed that Tri DKL, even at the highest dose of 2500 mg/kg, did not produce any signs of acute toxicity in mice. In rats, subchronic administration of 125 and 375 mg/kg BW/day caused no significant alterations in general behaviours, haematological parameters or hepatic/renal function markers. In diabetic mice, Tri DKL significantly reduced blood glucose levels at both doses. It also lowered total cholesterol and hepatic malondialdehyde levels. Notably, at 250 mg/kg BW/day, Tri DKL decreased triglyceride levels while improving liver and pancreatic tissue histology. Overall, Tri DKL exhibited no acute or subchronic toxicity in animals and demonstrated hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects in type 2 diabetic mice, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits.
Summary
This study examined the safety and potential therapeutic effects of a triterpenoid extract from persimmon leaves (Tri DKL) in the management of type 2 diabetes. A high dose of Tri DKL did not induce acute toxicity in mice. Tri DKL caused no subchronic toxicity after 90 days of administration in rats. In type 2 diabetic mice, Tri DKL lowered blood glucose and cholesterol levels, reduced oxidative stress in the liver and supported the recovery of kidney, liver and pancreatic tissues. These results highlight Tri DKL's potential as a natural treatment for type 2 diabetes.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors upon request.
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