Review Article
Exploring the significance of microbiota metabolites in rheumatoid arthritis: uncovering their contribution from disease development to biomarker potential
Zi-feng Lu,
Chou-Yi Hsu,
Nada Khairi Younis,
Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa,
Elena A. Matveeva,
Yassien Hussain Owaied Al-Juboory,
Mohaned Adil,
Zainab H. Athab,
Mustafa Nasrat Abdulraheem,
Zi-feng Lu
Heilongjiang Beidahuang Group General Hospital, Heilongjiang, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Chou-Yi Hsu
Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
Chou-Yi Hsu, Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan. e-mail: [email protected]
Nada Khairi Younis, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq. e-mail: [email protected]
Yassien Hussain Owaied Al-Juboory, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq. e-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Nada Khairi Younis
Department of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
Chou-Yi Hsu, Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan. e-mail: [email protected]
Nada Khairi Younis, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq. e-mail: [email protected]
Yassien Hussain Owaied Al-Juboory, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq. e-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMohammed Ahmed Mustafa
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Imam Jaafar AL-Sadiq, Kirkuk, Iraq
Search for more papers by this authorElena A. Matveeva
Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yassien Hussain Owaied Al-Juboory
National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
Chou-Yi Hsu, Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan. e-mail: [email protected]
Nada Khairi Younis, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq. e-mail: [email protected]
Yassien Hussain Owaied Al-Juboory, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq. e-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMohaned Adil
Pharmacy College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
Search for more papers by this authorZainab H. Athab
Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
Search for more papers by this authorMustafa Nasrat Abdulraheem
College of Education, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
Search for more papers by this authorZi-feng Lu,
Chou-Yi Hsu,
Nada Khairi Younis,
Mohammed Ahmed Mustafa,
Elena A. Matveeva,
Yassien Hussain Owaied Al-Juboory,
Mohaned Adil,
Zainab H. Athab,
Mustafa Nasrat Abdulraheem,
Zi-feng Lu
Heilongjiang Beidahuang Group General Hospital, Heilongjiang, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Chou-Yi Hsu
Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
Chou-Yi Hsu, Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan. e-mail: [email protected]
Nada Khairi Younis, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq. e-mail: [email protected]
Yassien Hussain Owaied Al-Juboory, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq. e-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Nada Khairi Younis
Department of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
Chou-Yi Hsu, Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan. e-mail: [email protected]
Nada Khairi Younis, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq. e-mail: [email protected]
Yassien Hussain Owaied Al-Juboory, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq. e-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMohammed Ahmed Mustafa
Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Imam Jaafar AL-Sadiq, Kirkuk, Iraq
Search for more papers by this authorElena A. Matveeva
Department of Orthopaedic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yassien Hussain Owaied Al-Juboory
National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
Chou-Yi Hsu, Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan. e-mail: [email protected]
Nada Khairi Younis, Department of Pharmacy, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq. e-mail: [email protected]
Yassien Hussain Owaied Al-Juboory, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq. e-mail: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMohaned Adil
Pharmacy College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
Search for more papers by this authorZainab H. Athab
Department of Pharmacy, Al-Zahrawi University College, Karbala, Iraq
Search for more papers by this authorMustafa Nasrat Abdulraheem
College of Education, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifaceted autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and joint destruction. Recent research has elucidated the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and RA pathogenesis, underscoring the role of microbiota-derived metabolites as pivotal contributors to disease development and progression. The human gut microbiota, comprising a vast array of microorganisms and their metabolic byproducts, plays a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Dysbiosis of this microbial community has been linked to numerous autoimmune disorders, including RA. Microbiota-derived metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan derivatives, Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), bile acids, peptidoglycan, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), exhibit immunomodulatory properties that can either exacerbate or ameliorate inflammation in RA. Mechanistically, these metabolites influence immune cell differentiation, cytokine production, and gut barrier integrity, collectively shaping the autoimmune milieu. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the intricate crosstalk between microbiota metabolites and RA pathogenesis and also discusses the potential of specific metabolites to trigger or suppress autoimmunity, shedding light on their molecular interactions with immune cells and signaling pathways. Additionally, this review explores the translational aspects of microbiota metabolites as diagnostic and prognostic tools in RA. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of translating these findings into clinical practice are critically examined.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
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