Protective Effects of Diallyl Sulfide Against Ethanol-Induced Injury in Rat Adipose Tissue and Primary Human Adipocytes
Venkata Harini Kema
Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad, India
Search for more papers by this authorImran Khan
Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad, India
Search for more papers by this authorReshma Jamal
Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad, India
Search for more papers by this authorSandeep Kumar Vishwakarma
Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine , CLRD, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
Search for more papers by this authorChandrakala Lakki Reddy
Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine , CLRD, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
Search for more papers by this authorKirti Parwani
Department of Biological Sciences , P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
Search for more papers by this authorFarhin Patel
Department of Biological Sciences , P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
Search for more papers by this authorDhara Patel
Department of Biological Sciences , P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
Search for more papers by this authorAleem A. Khan
Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine , CLRD, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Palash Mandal
Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad, India
Department of Biological Sciences , P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
Reprint requests: Palash Mandal, Department of Biological Sciences, P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa-388421, Anand, Gujarat, India; Tel.: +91-9666164654; Fax: 02697-247 100; E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorVenkata Harini Kema
Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad, India
Search for more papers by this authorImran Khan
Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad, India
Search for more papers by this authorReshma Jamal
Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad, India
Search for more papers by this authorSandeep Kumar Vishwakarma
Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine , CLRD, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
Search for more papers by this authorChandrakala Lakki Reddy
Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine , CLRD, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
Search for more papers by this authorKirti Parwani
Department of Biological Sciences , P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
Search for more papers by this authorFarhin Patel
Department of Biological Sciences , P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
Search for more papers by this authorDhara Patel
Department of Biological Sciences , P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
Search for more papers by this authorAleem A. Khan
Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine , CLRD, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Palash Mandal
Department of Biological Sciences , BITS Pilani, Hyderabad, India
Department of Biological Sciences , P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Anand, Gujarat, India
Reprint requests: Palash Mandal, Department of Biological Sciences, P D Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa-388421, Anand, Gujarat, India; Tel.: +91-9666164654; Fax: 02697-247 100; E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Background
Alcohol consumption is the fourth leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Several cellular pathways contribute to alcohol-mediated tissue injury. Adipose tissue apart from functioning as an endocrine organ secretes several hormones and cytokines known as adipokines that are known to play a significant role in alcohol-induced tissue damage. This study was designed to test the efficacy of diallyl sulfide (DAS) in regulating the alcohol-induced outcomes on adipose tissue.
Methods
Male Wistar rats were fed with 36% Lieber–DeCarli liquid diet containing ethanol (EtOH) for 4 weeks. Control rats were pair-fed with isocaloric diet containing maltodextrin instead of EtOH. During the last week of feeding protocol, the EtOH-fed rat group was given 200 mg/kg body weight of DAS through diet. We also studied DAS effect on isolated human primary adipocytes. Viability of human primary adipocytes on DAS treatment was assessed by MTT assay. Malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of oxidative stress, was measured by HPLC and the thiobarbituric acid method. Expression of inflammatory genes and lipogenic genes was studied by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Serum inflammatory gene expression was studied by ELISA.
Results
Our study results showed that DAS could alleviate EtOH-induced expression levels of proinflammatory and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress genes and improve adipose tissue mass and adipocyte morphology in male Wistar rats fed Lieber–DeCarli diet containing 6% EtOH. Further, we showed that DAS reduced the expression of lipogenic genes and improved lipid accumulation and adipocyte mass in human primary adipocytes treated with EtOH. Subsequently, we also showed that oxidative stress, as measured by the changes in MDA levels, was reduced in both male Wistar rats and human primary adipocytes treated with EtOH plus DAS.
Conclusions
Our study results prove that DAS is effective in ameliorating EtOH-induced damage to adipose tissue as evidenced by the reduction brought about by DAS in oxidative stress, ER stress, and proinflammatory gene expression levels. DAS treatment also regulated lipogenic gene expression levels, thereby reducing free fatty acid release. In conclusion, this study has clinical implications with respect to alcohol-induced adipose tissue injury among alcohol users.
Graphical Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of garlic derivative diallyl sulfide in ameliorating the effects of alcohol on adipose tissue. Results indicated that diallyl sulfide treatment was effective in reducing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation caused due to alcohol intake. Further, diallyl sulfide could also improve lipogenesis in adipose tissue that was altered due to ethanol consumption. The study results implicate a potential therapeutic role for diallyl sulfide in treating alcohol induced adipose tissue injury.
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