Volume 21, Issue 4 pp. 422-433
Original Contribution
Free Access

Geriatric Syndromes Predict Postdischarge Outcomes Among Older Emergency Department Patients: Findings From the interRAI Multinational Emergency Department Study

Los Síndromes Geriátricos Predicen los Resultados Tras el Alta en los Pacientes Mayores del Servicio de Urgencias: Resultados del InterRAI Multinational Emergency Department Study

Andrew P. Costa PhD

Andrew P. Costa PhD

The Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

The Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

The School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

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John P. Hirdes PhD

John P. Hirdes PhD

The School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

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George A. Heckman MD, MSc

George A. Heckman MD, MSc

The Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada

The School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada

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Aparajit B. Dey MD

Aparajit B. Dey MD

The Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

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Palmi V. Jonsson MD

Palmi V. Jonsson MD

The Department of Geriatrics, Landspitali University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

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Prabha Lakhan RN, PhD

Prabha Lakhan RN, PhD

The Centre for Research in Geriatric Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

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Gunnar Ljunggren MD, PhD

Gunnar Ljunggren MD, PhD

The Medical Management Centre, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

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Katrin Singler MD, MME

Katrin Singler MD, MME

The Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Klinikum, Nuremberg, Germany

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Fredrik Sjostrand MD, PhD

Fredrik Sjostrand MD, PhD

Karolinska Institutet, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, and the Section of Emergency Medicine, Södersjukhuset AB, Stockholm, Sweden

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Walter Swoboda MD

Walter Swoboda MD

The Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Klinikum, Nuremberg, Germany

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Nathalie I.H. Wellens PhD

Nathalie I.H. Wellens PhD

The Department of Public Health, Centre for Health Services and Nursing Research, KU Leuven, Belgium

The Geriatrics Center and Institute of Gerontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI

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Leonard C. Gray MD, PhD

Leonard C. Gray MD, PhD

The Centre for Research in Geriatric Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

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First published: 14 April 2014
Citations: 57
Address for correspondence and reprints: Andrew P. Costa, PhD; e-mail: [email protected].
Provisional findings were presented at the Asian Conference for Emergency Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand, July 2011; and the 20th International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics World Congress, Seoul, South Korea, July 2013.
Financial support for this project was provided in some nations, including Australia (Princess Alexandra Hospital Research Foundation), Canada (Canadian Institutes of Health Research), Germany (Bavarian Ministry of Environment and Health), and Sweden (Hannover Re). The opinions and conclusions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the contributing centers or funders.
The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose.

Abstract

en

Objectives

Identifying older emergency department (ED) patients with clinical features associated with adverse postdischarge outcomes may lead to improved clinical reasoning and better targeting for preventative interventions. Previous studies have used single-country samples to identify limited sets of determinants for a limited number of proxy outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify and compare geriatric syndromes that influence the probability of postdischarge outcomes among older ED patients from a multinational context.

Methods

A multinational prospective cohort study of ED patients aged 75 years or older was conducted. A total of 13 ED sites from Australia, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Iceland, India, and Sweden participated. Patients who were expected to die within 24 hours or did not speak the native language were excluded. Of the 2,475 patients approached for inclusion, 2,282 (92.2%) were enrolled. Patients were assessed at ED admission with the interRAI ED Contact Assessment, a geriatric ED assessment. Outcomes were examined for patients admitted to a hospital ward (62.9%, n = 1,436) or discharged to a community setting (34.0%, n = 775) after an ED visit. Overall, 3% of patients were lost to follow-up. Hospital length of stay (LOS) and discharge to higher level of care was recorded for patients admitted to a hospital ward. Any ED or hospital use within 28 days of discharge was recorded for patients discharged to a community setting. Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were used to describe determinants using standard and multilevel logistic regression.

Results

A multi-country model including living alone (OR = 1.78, p ≤ 0.01), informal caregiver distress (OR = 1.69, p = 0.02), deficits in ambulation (OR = 1.94, p ≤ 0.01), poor self-report (OR = 1.84, p ≤ 0.01), and traumatic injury (OR = 2.18, p ≤ 0.01) best described older patients at risk of longer hospital lengths of stay. A model including recent ED visits (OR = 2.10, p ≤ 0.01), baseline functional impairment (OR = 1.68, p ≤ 0.01), and anhedonia (OR = 1.73, p ≤ 0.01) best described older patients at risk of proximate repeat hospital use. A sufficiently accurate and generalizable model to describe the risk of discharge to higher levels of care among admitted patients was not achieved.

Conclusions

Despite markedly different health care systems, the probability of long hospital lengths of stay and repeat hospital use among older ED patients is detectable at the multinational level with moderate accuracy. This study demonstrates the potential utility of incorporating common geriatric clinical features in routine clinical examination and disposition planning for older patients in EDs.

Resumen

es

Objetivos

La identificación de los pacientes mayores del servicio de urgencias (SU) con hallazgos clínicos asociados con resultados adversos tras el alta puede conducir a mejorar el juicio clínico y a establecer mejores objetivos para las intervenciones preventivas. Estudios previos han utilizado muestras de un solo país para identificar conjuntos limitados de determinantes para un número limitado de resultados en la toma de decisiones. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar y comparar los síndromes geriátricos que influyen en la probabilidad de los resultados tras el alta en los pacientes mayores del SU desde un contexto multinacional.

Metodología

Estudio de cohorte prospectivo multinacional que se llevó a cabo en pacientes del SU de 75 años o más. Participaron un total de 13 SU de Australia, Bélgica, Canadá, Alemania, Islandia, India y Suecia. Se excluyeron los pacientes que se esperaba fallecieran en las primeras 24 horas o aquéllos de habla no nativa. De los 2.475 pacientes valorados para la inclusión, se incluyeron 2.282 (92,2%). Los pacientes se valoraron al ingreso del SU mediante la interRAI ED Contact Assessment, una valoración geriátrica en el SU. Los resultados se evaluaron para los pacientes ingresados en un planta del hospital (62,9%, n = 1.436) o dados de alta a la comunidad (34,0%, n = 775) tras una visita al SU. Del total, en un 3% de los pacientes se perdió el seguimiento. La estancia hospitalaria y el alta a un nivel de atención mayor se documentaron para los pacientes ingresados en una planta del hospital. Cualquier uso del hospital o del SU en los primeros 28 días tras el alta se documentó en los pacientes dados de alta a la comunidad. La razón de ventajas (odds ratio, OR) ajustada y no ajustada se usó para describir los determinantes usando una regresión logística convencional y multinivel.

Resultados

Un modelo multinacional que incluye el vivir solo (OR = 1,78, p ≤ 0,01), el estrés del cuidador (OR = 1,69, p = 0,02), el deterioro en la deambulación (OR = 1,94, p ≤ 0,01), el documentar baja autoestima (OR = 1,84, p ≤ 0,01), y la lesión traumatológica (OR = 2,18, p ≤ 0,01) es el que mejor describió a los pacientes mayores con riesgo de estancias hospitalarias más prolongadas. Un modelo que incluye las visitas recientes al SU (OR = 2,10, p ≤ 0,01), el deterioro funcional basal (OR = 1,68, p ≤ 0,01) y la incapacidad para experimentar placer (OR = 1,73, p ≤ 0,01) es el que mejor describió a los pacientes mayores con riesgo incrementado de repetir el uso hospitalario a corto plazo. No se alcanzó un modelo suficientemente preciso ni generalizable para describir el riesgo al alta de necesitar niveles mayores de atención en los pacientes ingresados.

Conclusiones

A pesar de la diferencia marcada de los sistemas sanitarios, la probabilidad de estancia prolongada en el hospital y uso repetido del hospital entre los pacientes mayores del SU es detectable desde una perspectiva multinacional con una precisión moderada. Este estudio demuestra la potencial utilidad de incorporar los hallazgos clínicos geriátricos comunes en la valoración clínica rutinaria y en la planificación de la ubicación de los pacientes mayores en el SU.

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