Original Article: Nutrition
Perinatal Microbiomes’ Influence on Preterm Birth and Preterms’ Health
Influencing Factors and Modulation Strategies
Lorena Ruiz,
Laura Moles,
Miguel Gueimonde,
Juan M. Rodriguez,
Corresponding Author
Lorena Ruiz
Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Lorena Ruiz, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorLaura Moles
Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid
Search for more papers by this authorMiguel Gueimonde
Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Río Linares, Asturias, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorJuan M. Rodriguez
Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid
Search for more papers by this authorLorena Ruiz,
Laura Moles,
Miguel Gueimonde,
Juan M. Rodriguez,
Corresponding Author
Lorena Ruiz
Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid
Address correspondence and reprint requests to Lorena Ruiz, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorLaura Moles
Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid
Search for more papers by this authorMiguel Gueimonde
Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, IPLA-CSIC, Paseo Río Linares, Asturias, Spain
Search for more papers by this authorJuan M. Rodriguez
Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid
Search for more papers by this authorThe authors report no conflicts of interest.
ABSTRACT
Microbial communities inhabiting the human host play important roles in maintaining health status, including reproduction and early life programming, which is particularly important in the context of preterm neonates’ health. Preterm birth (PTB) is often the result of a microbial dysbiosis or infection. In addition, preterm neonates experience different levels of organ immaturity and an abnormal gut microbiota establishment, as compared to full-term neonates. This exacerbates their developmental problems and can have negative consequences at systemic level. In addition, preterm babies are commonly exposed to delayed enteral feeding and hospital environments, which increases the risk of short- and long-term health problems. Some of these clinical conditions, such as necrotizing enterocolitis or sepsis, may be life threatening, whereas others may translate into life-long conditions, including cognitive problems. Increasing scientific interest has focused on understanding developmental problems in preterm neonates related to abnormalities in the settlement of their microbial communities, with the final goal of selecting appropriate microbiome-targeted strategies (eg, probiotics), to reduce preterm health risks and improve overall quality of life.
This review aims to summarize current knowledge on microbiological factors influencing PTB initiation and gastrointestinal development, and on the health consequences to the preterm neonate. Scientific evidences on dietary strategies reducing PTB incidence and minimizing sequelae in this particularly sensitive human group subpopulation are also discussed.
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