Address correspondence and reprint requests to Berthold Koletzko, MD, PhD, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Lindwurmstrasse 4, D-80337 München, Germany (e-mail: [email protected]).Search for more papers by this author

Olaf Uhl,

Olaf Uhl

Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, München, Germany

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Christian Hellmuth,

Christian Hellmuth

Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, München, Germany

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Hans Demmelmair,

Hans Demmelmair

Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, München, Germany

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Shao J. Zhou,

Shao J. Zhou

Woman's and Children's Health Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia

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Maria Makrides,

Maria Makrides

Woman's and Children's Health Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia

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Colin Prosser,

Colin Prosser

Dairy Goat Co-operative (NZ) Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand

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Dianne Lowry,

Dianne Lowry

Dairy Goat Co-operative (NZ) Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand

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Robert A. Gibson,

Robert A. Gibson

School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia

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Berthold Koletzko,

Corresponding Author

Berthold Koletzko

[email protected]

Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, München, Germany

First published: 01 September 2015

https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000783

Citations: 4

C.P. and D.L. work for the Dairy Goat Co-operative (NZ) Ltd, which manufactured the infant formula used in the study.

This study was supported by Dairy Goat Co-operative (NZ) Ltd, Hamilton, New Zealand. Additional support was received from the European Research Council Advanced Grant ERC-2012-AdG—no. 322605 META-GROWTH.

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

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ABSTRACT

Objective:

Human milk provides a complex mixture of animal lipids, whereas the fat supply of most modern infant formula is based on vegetable oils. We studied the effects of breast-feeding and of feeding infant formula either without or with dairy goat lipids on the composition of infant plasma glycerophospholipids.

Methods:

Healthy-term infants were randomized double blind to feeding with infant formula based on whole goats’ milk (GIF, approximately 60% milk fat and 40% vegetable oils) or a control cows’ milk infant formula based on vegetable oils (VIF) from 2 weeks after birth. A reference group of fully breast-fed infants was also followed. At the age 4 months, blood samples were collected and plasma glycerophospholipids were analyzed with liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.

Results:

The group of breast-fed infants showed significantly higher contents of glycerophospholipid species containing sn-2 palmitic acid [PC(16:0/16:0) and PC(18:0/16:0)] and significantly higher contents of glycerophospholipid species containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids than infants in both formula groups. The GIF group demonstrated significantly higher glycerophospholipid species containing myristic acid [LPC(14:0), PC(14:0/18:1), PC(16:0/14:0)] and palmitoleic acid [LPC(16:1), PC(16:0/16:1), and PC(16:1/18:1)] than the VIF group.

Conclusions:

We conclude that breast-feeding induces marked differences in infant plasma glycerophospholipid profiles compared with formula feeding, whereas the studied different sources of formula fat resulted in limited effects on plasma glycerophospholipids.

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Dietary Effects on Plasma Glycerophospholipids

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Dietary Effects on Plasma Glycerophospholipids

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