The optical long ‘period’ of LMC X-3
Corresponding Author
C. Brocksopp
1 Astrophysical Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 12 Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead L41 1LD
2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA
[email protected]Search for more papers by this authorP.J. Groot
3 Astronomical Institute ‘Anton Pannekoek’ and Center for High-Energy Astrophysics, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
4 Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Wilms
5 Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Abt. Astronomie, Waldhäuser Straße 64, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
C. Brocksopp
1 Astrophysical Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 12 Quays House, Egerton Wharf, Birkenhead L41 1LD
2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA
[email protected]Search for more papers by this authorP.J. Groot
3 Astronomical Institute ‘Anton Pannekoek’ and Center for High-Energy Astrophysics, University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
4 Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
Search for more papers by this authorJ. Wilms
5 Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Abt. Astronomie, Waldhäuser Straße 64, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
We have studied the long-term variability of LMC X-3 in optical light curves spanning 6 yr, in order to search for optical signatures which could confirm or refute the suggestion that the ‘modulation’ is the result of accretion-rate variability rather than accretion-disc precession. We find that there is no stable period in the optical light curves, that the optical and X-ray light curves are correlated, with an X-ray lag, and that there is no modulation in the optical colours. We argue that these effects agree with the variable mass-accretion rate model proposed by Wilms et al.
References
- 1 Boyd P. T., Smale A. P., Homan J., Jonker P. G., Van der Klis M., Kuulkers E. , 2000, ApJ, 542, L127
- 2 Brocksopp C., Fender R. P., Lariononv V., Lyuty V. M., Tarasov A. E., Pooley G. G., Paciesas W. S., Roche P. , 1999, MNRAS, 309, 1063DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02919.x
- 3 Cowley A. P., Crampton D., Hutchings J. B., Remillard R., Penfold J. E. , 1983, ApJ, 272, 118
- 4 Cowley A. P. et al., 1991, ApJ, 381, 526
- 5 Cowley A. P., Schmidtke P. C., Hutchings J. B., Crampton D. , 1994, ApJ, 429, 826
- 6 Ebisawa K., Makino F., Mitsuda K., Belloni T., Cowley A. P., Schmidtke P. C., Treves A. , 1993, ApJ, 403, 684
- 7 Edelson R. A. & Krolik J. H. , 1988, ApJ, 333, 646
- 8 Fender R. P. , 2001, MNRAS, 322, 31DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04080.x
- 9 Heemskerk M. H. M. & Van Paradijs J. , 1989, A&A, 223, 154
- 10 Landolt A. U. , 1992, ApJ, 140, 340
- 11 Larwood J. , 1998, MNRAS, 299, L32
- 12 Leahy D. A., Darbro W., Elsner R. F., Weisskopf M. C., Sutherland P. G., Kahn S., Grindlay J. E. , 1983, ApJ, 266, 160
- 13 Leong C., Kellogg E., Gursky H., Tananbaum H., Giacconi R. , 1971, ApJ, 170, L67
- 14 Maloney P. R. & Begelman M. C. , 1997, ApJ, 491, L43
- 15 Ogilvie G. I. & Dubus I. , 2001, MNRAS, 320, 4850
- 16 Paul B., Kitamoto S., Makino F. , 2000, ApJ, 528, 410
- 17 Petterson O. , 1977, ApJ, 218, 783
- 18 Scargle J. D. , 1982, ApJ, 263, 835
- 19 Schandl S. & Meyer F. , 1994, A&A, 289, 149
- 20 Shields G. A., McKee C. F., Lin D. N. C., Begelman M. C. , 1986, ApJ, 306, 90
- 21 Soria R., Wu K., Page M. J., Sakelliou I. , 2001, A&A, 365, L273
- 22 Tanaka Y. & Lewin W. H. G. , , W. H. G. Lewin, J. Van Paradijs, E. Van den Heuvel 1995, X-ray Binaries. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, ch. 3
- 23 Van der Klis M. , 1994, A&A, 283, 469
- 24 Van der Klis M. , , W. H. G. Lewin, J. Van Paradijs, E. Van den Heuvel 1995, X-Ray Binaries. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, ch. 6
- 25 Van der Klis M., Clausen J. V., Jensen K., Tjemkes S., Van Paradijs J. , 1985, A&A, 151, 322
- 26 Van Paradijs J. et al., 1987, A&A, 184, 201
- 27 White N. E. & Marshall F. E. , 1984, ApJ, 281, 354
- 28 Wilms J., Nowak M. A., Pottschmidt K., Heindl W. A., Dove J. B., Begelman M. C. , 2001, MNRAS, 320, 327DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.03983.x
- 29 Wu K., Soria R., Page M. J., Sakelliou I., Kahn S. M., De Vries C. P. , 2001, A&A, 365, L267