Sensitivity evaluation of Brownian motion and chemical reaction parameter on transport of motile gyrotactic microorganism in nanofluid over a wedge
Dilawar Hussain
Laboratory of Aerospace Entry Descent and Landing Technology, College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorZaheer Asghar
Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
Centre for Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ahmed Zeeshan
Department of Mathematics & Statistics, FoS, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Correspondence
Ahmed Zeeshan, Department of Mathematics & Statistics, FoS, International Islamic University Islamabad, H-10, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorDilawar Hussain
Laboratory of Aerospace Entry Descent and Landing Technology, College of Astronautics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China
Search for more papers by this authorZaheer Asghar
Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
Centre for Physics and Applied Mathematics, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Ahmed Zeeshan
Department of Mathematics & Statistics, FoS, International Islamic University, H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Correspondence
Ahmed Zeeshan, Department of Mathematics & Statistics, FoS, International Islamic University Islamabad, H-10, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
In any natural flow, there are different factors that influence the movement of microorganisms in fluid; some factors are significant while others are not. In this article, authors want to analyse the sensitivity of the movement of motile gyrotactic microorganisms to variation in Schmidt number (Sc), chemical reaction parameter (Kr), and Brownian motion parameter (Nb). For this purpose, a PDE is transformed into ODEs by using appropriate similarity transformation. The transformed ODEs are solved numerically by using MATLAB's built-in software bvp4c. Then, by using these numerical results, we have developed a correlation between input variables and output responses for the Sherwood number () and density number () by using response surface methodology (RSM). The residual for output responses is plotted in graphical form and shows strong correlations and best-fitted models between input parameters and output responses. Finally, the sensitivity analysis is performed and displays the results in graphical form and concludes that the input factor Sc is the most sensitive to for lower cases of A and Kr is the most sensitive among other parameters for middle and higher cases of B.
REFERENCES
- 1Falkner, V.M., Skan, S.W.: Solutions of the boundary-layer equations. London, Edinburgh Dublin Philos. Mag. J. Sci. 12(80), 865–896 (1931)
10.1080/14786443109461870 Google Scholar
- 2Hartree, D.R.: On an equation occurring in Falkner and Skan's approximate treatment of the equations of the boundary layer. Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 33(2), 223–239 (1937)
10.1017/S0305004100019575 Google Scholar
- 3Lin, H.T., Lin, L.K.: Similarity solutions for laminar forced convection heat transfer from wedges to fluids of any Prandtl number. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 30(6), 1111–1118 (1987)
- 4Watanabe, T., Pop, I.: Magnetohydrodynamic free convection flow over a wedge in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Trans. 20(6), 871–881 (1993)
- 5Garg, V.K., Rajagopal, K.R.: Flow of a non-Newtonian fluid past a wedge. Acta Mech. 88(1), 113–123 (1991)
- 6Ishak, A., Nazar, R., Pop, I.: Falkner-Skan equation for flow past a moving wedge with suction or injection. J Appl. Math. Comput. 25(1), 67–83 (2007)
10.1007/BF02832339 Google Scholar
- 7Riley, N., Weidman, P.D.: Multiple solutions of the Falkner–Skan equation for flow past a stretching boundary. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 49(5), 1350–1358 (1989)
- 8Liu, C.S., Chang, J.R.: The Lie-group shooting method for multiple-solutions of Falkner–Skan equation under suction–injection conditions. Int. J. Non Linear Mech. 43(9), 844-851, (2008)
- 9Choi, S.U.S., Eastma, J.A.: Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. ASME FED. 231, 99–105 (1995)
- 10Buongiorno, J.: Convective transport in nanofluids. ASME J. Heat Transf. 128, 240–250 (2006)
- 11Padmaja, K., Rushi Kumar, B.: Viscous dissipation and chemical reaction effects on MHD nanofluid flow over a vertical plate in a rotating system. ZAMM-Journal of Appl. Math. Mech./Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik. 103(9), e202200471 (2023)
- 12Zeeshan, A., Ellahi, R., Hassan, M. Magnetohydrodynamic flow of water/ethylene glycol based nanofluids with natural convection through a porous medium. Eur. Phys. J. Plus. 129(12), 1–10, (2014)
- 13Bibi, M., Zeeshan, A., Malik, M.Y.: Numerical analysis of unsteady flow of three-dimensional Williamson fluid-particle suspension with MHD and nonlinear thermal radiations. Eur. Phys. J. Plus. 135(10), 1–26 (2020)
- 14Sheikholeslami, M., Bandpy, M.G., Ellahi, R., Zeeshan, A.: Simulation of MHD CuO–water nanofluid flow and convective heat transfer considering Lorentz forces. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 369, 69–80 (2014)
- 15Ellahi, R., Hassan, M., Zeeshan, A.: Study of natural convection MHD nanofluid by means of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes suspended in a salt-water solution. IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. 14(4), 726–734 (2015)
- 16Bhatti, M.M., Zeeshan, A., Ellahi, R., Shit, G.C.: Mathematical modelling of heat and mass transfer effects on MHD peristaltic propulsion of two-phase flow through a Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer porous medium. Adv. Powder Technol. 29(5), 1189–1197 (2018)
- 17Bhatti, M.M., Arain, M.B., Zeeshan, A., Ellahi, R., Doranehgard, M.H.: Swimming of Gyrotactic Microorganism in MHD Williamson nanofluid flow between rotating circular plates embedded in porous medium: Application of thermal energy storage. J. Energy Storage. 45, 103511 (2022)
- 18Ramzan, M., Lone, S.A., Dawar, A., Saeed, A., Kumam, W., Kumam, P.: Significance of nanoparticle radius and inter-particle spacing toward the radiative water-based alumina nanofluid flow over a rotating disk. Nanotechnol. Rev. 12(1), 20220501 (2023)
- 19Ramzan, M., Shamshad, U., Rehman, S., Junaid, M.S., Saeed, A., Kumam, P.: Analytical simulation of Hall current and Cattaneo–Christov heat flux in cross-hybrid nanofluid with autocatalytic chemical reaction: an engineering application of engine oil. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 48(3), 3797–3817 (2023)
- 20Ramzan, M., Rehman, S., Junaid, M.S., Saeed, A., Kumam, P., Watthayu, W.: Dynamics of Williamson Ferro-nanofluid due to bioconvection in the portfolio of magnetic dipole and activation energy over a stretching sheet. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 137, 106245 (2022)
- 21Ramzan, M., Khan, N.S., Kumam, P.: Mechanical analysis of non-Newtonian nanofluid past a thin needle with dipole effect and entropic characteristics. Sci. Rep. 11(1), 19378 (2021)
- 22Bestman, A.R.: Natural convection boundary layer with suction and mass transfer in a porous medium. Int. J. Eng. Res. 14, 389–396 (1990)
- 23Maleque, K.A.: Effects of binary chemical reaction and activation energy on MHD boundary layer heat and mass transfer flow with viscous dissipation and heat generation/absorption. ISRN Thermodyn. 2013, 1–7 (2013)
10.1155/2013/284637 Google Scholar
- 24Mousavi, S.M.R., Seyf, H.R., Abbasbandy, S.: Heat transfer through a porous saturated channel with permeable walls using two-equation energy model. J. Porous Media 16, 241–254 (2013)
10.1615/JPorMedia.v16.i3.60 Google Scholar
- 25Awad, F.G., Motsa, S., Khumalo, M.: Heat and mass transfer in unsteady rotating fluid flow with binary chemical reaction and activation energy. PLoS One 9, 1–12 (2014)
- 26Sudhagar, P., Kameswaran, P.K., Kumar, B.R.: Non-Darcy effects on mixed convective nanofluid over a wedge in a porous medium. J. Porous Media 21(9), 781–791 (2018)
- 27Mohana, C.M., Rushi Kumar, B.: Nanoparticle shape effects on hydromagnetic flow of Cu-water nanofluid over a nonlinear stretching sheet in a porous medium with heat source, thermal radiation, and Joule heating. Journal Appl. Math. Mech. 104(1), e202300188 (2024)
10.1002/zamm.202300188 Google Scholar
- 28Govindasamy, G., Bangalore, R.K.: Heat and mass transfer in thin film flow of Casson nanofluid over an unsteady stretching sheet. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng., Part E: J. Process Mech. Eng. (2023). https://doi.org/10.1177/09544089221150727
- 29Chan, S.Q., Aman, F., Mansur, S.: Sensitivity analysis on thermal conductivity characteristics of a water-based bionanofluid flow past a wedge surface. Math. Prob. Eng. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9410167
- 30Darbari, B., Rashidi, S., Abolfazli Esfahani, J.: Sensitivity analysis of entropy generation in nanofluid flow inside a channel by response surface methodology. Entropy. 18(2), 52 (2016)
- 31Rashidi, S., Bovand, M., Esfahani, J.A.: Heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop penalty in porous solar heat exchangers: A sensitivity analysis. Energy Convers. Manag. 103, 726–738 (2015)
- 32Rashidi, S., Bovand, M., Esfahani, J.A.: Structural optimization of nanofluid flow around an equilateral triangular obstacle. Energy. 88, 385–398 (2015)
- 33Hussain, D., Asghar, Z., Zeeshan, A., Alsulami, H.: Analysis of sensitivity of thermal conductivity and variable viscosity on wall heat flux in flow of viscous fluid over a porous wedge. Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transf. 135, 106104 (2022)
- 34Mondal, K.S., Pal, D.: Gyrotactic mixed bioconvection flow of a nanofluid over a stretching wedge embedded in a porous media in the presence of binary chemical reaction and activation energy. Int. J. Ambient Energy. 43(1), 3443–3453 (2022)
- 35Kasmani, M., Sivasankaran, S., Bhuvaneswari, M., Hussein, A.K.: Analytical and numerical study on convection of nanofluid past a moving wedge with soret and dufour effects. Int. J. Numer. Methods Heat Fluid Flow. 27(10), 2333–2354 (2017)
- 36Ganapathirao, M., Ravindran, R., Pop, I.: Non-uniform Slot Suction (Injection) on an unsteady mixed convection flow over a wedge with chemical reaction and heat generation or absorption. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 67, 1054–1061 (2013)
- 37Hemmat Esfe, M., Alidoust, S., Mohammadnejad Ardeshiri, E., Kamyab, M.H., Toghraie, D.: Experimental Study of Rheological Behaviour of MWCNT-Al2O3/SAE50 Hybrid Nanofluid to Provide the Best Nano-lubrication Conditions. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 17(1), 1–13 (2022)
- 38Esfe, M.H., Arani, A.A.A., Esfandeh, S.: Improving engine oil lubrication light-duty vehicles by using of dispersing MWCNT and ZnO nanoparticles in 5W50 as viscosity index improvers. Appl. Therm. Eng. 143, 493–506 (2018)
- 39Abdulrahman, A.: Modelling and optimization of dynamic viscosity of copper nanoparticles dispersed in gear oil using response surface methodology. Mater. Today: Proc. 42, 771–775 (2021)
- 40Kole, M., Dey, T.K.: Role of interfacial layer and clustering on the effective thermal conductivity of CuO–gear oil nanofluids. Exp. Therm Fluid Sci. 35(7), 1490–1495 (2011)
- 41Gürel, A.E., Ağbulut, Ü., Biçen, Y.: Assessment of machine learning, time series, response surface methodology and empirical models in prediction of global solar radiation. J. Cleaner Prod. 277, 122353 (2020)