In Situ Synthesis of Phosphorus-Doped Polymeric Carbon Nitride Sheets for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Xiaochun Li
State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorZhang Cheng
State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yuanxing Fang
State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorXianzhi Fu
State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xinchen Wang
State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorXiaochun Li
State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorZhang Cheng
State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yuanxing Fang
State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorXianzhi Fu
State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Xinchen Wang
State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002 P. R. China
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Photoelectrochemical water oxidation by polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) has recently received increasing scientific interest. Herein, phosphorus (P) is doped into PCN (p-PCN) films through in situ polymerization. p-PCN sheets are formed and vertically aligned on a conductive substrate, which is used as a photoanode. The optimal photocurrent density of the photoanode is ≈120 μA cm−2, which is more than two times that of the undoped one. The improved performance is accounted as the introduction of P in PCN. On the one hand, P doping increases the valence potential of PCN and improves the ability of water oxidation. On the other hand, charge transfer is improved by extra charges from P.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| solr202000168-sup-0001-SuppData-S1.docx6.8 MB | Supplementary Material |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
References
- 1a) H. Ou, X. Chen, L. Lin, Y. Fang, X. Wang, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 8729; b) X. C. Wang, K. Maeda, A. Thomas, K. Takanabe, G. Xin, J. M. Carlsson, K. Domen, M. Antonietti, Nat. Mater. 2009, 8, 76.
- 2Y. Chen, X. Wang, J. Phys. Chem. C 2018, 122, 3786.
- 3J. Barrio, L. Lin, P. Amo-Ochoa, J. Tzadikov, G. Peng, J. Sun, F. Zamora, X. Wang, M. Shalom, Small 2018, 14, 1800633.
- 4N. Karjule, J. Barrio, A. Tashakory, M. Shalom, Sol. RRL 2020, 2000017, https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202000017.
- 5G. Zhang, L. Lin, G. Li, Y. Zhang, A. Savateev, S. Zafeiratos, X. Wang, M. Antonietti, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 9372.
- 6E. Vorobyeva, Z. Chen, S. Mitchell, R. K. Leary, P. Midgley, J. M. Thomas, R. Hauert, E. Fako, N. López, J. Pérez-Ramírez, J. Mater. Chem. A 2017, 5, 16393.
- 7Y. Wang, H. Li, J. Yao, X. Wang, M. Antonietti, Chem. Sci. 2011, 2, 446.
- 8Y. Wang, J. Zhang, X. Wang, M. Antonietti, H. Li, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 3356.
- 9M. Jourshabani, Z. Shariatinia, A. Badiei, Langmuir 2017, 33, 7062.
- 10Y. Zhou, L. Zhang, J. Liu, X. Fan, B. Wang, M. Wang, W. Ren, J. Wang, M. Li, J. Shi, J. Mater. Chem. A 2015, 3, 3862.
- 11Y. Kofuji, S. Ohkita, Y. Shiraishi, H. Sakamoto, S. Ichikawa, S. Tanaka, T. Hirai, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2017, 5, 6478.
- 12L. Shen, G. Lei, Y. Fang, Y. Cao, X. Wang, L. Jiang, Chem. Commun. 2018, 54, 2475.
- 13S. Guo, Z. Deng, M. Li, B. Jiang, C. Tian, Q. Pan, H. Fu, Angew. Chem. Int. 2016, 55, 1830.
- 14J. Ran, T. Y. Ma, G. Gao, X.-W. Du, S. Z. Qiao, Energy Environ. Sci. 2015, 8, 3708.
- 15S. Guo, Z. Deng, M. Li, B. Jiang, C. Tian, Q. Pan, H. Fu, Angew. Chem. 2016, 55, 1830.
- 16W. H. Leng, P. R. F. Barnes, M. Juozapavicius, B. C. O'Regan, J. R. Durrant, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2010, 1, 967.
- 17Y. Zhang, T. Mori, J. Ye, M. Antonietti, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 6294.
- 18Z.-A. Lan, Y. Fang, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 470.
- 19G. Peng, J. Qin, M. Volokh, C. Liu, M. Shalom, J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 11718.
- 20a) X. Lu, Z. Liu, J. Li, J. Zhang, Z. Guo, Appl. Catal., B 2017, 209, 657; b) Z. Liu, X. Lu, Chin. J. Catal. 2018, 39, 1527.
- 21J.-J. Zhang, T.-J. Zhao, H.-H. Wang, Y.-X. Lin, G.-Y. Zhai, Z.-D. Jiang, S.-I. Hirano, X.-H. Li, J.-S. Chen, Chem. Commun. 2019, 55, 3971.
- 22a) Y. Fang, X. Li, X. Wang, ACS Catal. 2018, 8, 8774;
b) M. W. Mccall, C. Paterson, I. J. Hodgkinson, Proc. SPIE 2009, 7404, 740404.
10.1117/12.827414 Google Scholar
- 23a) S. S. Kalanur, Y. J. Hwang, S. Y. Chae, O. S. Joo, J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 3479; b) Y. Fang, Y. Xu, X. Li, Y. Ma, X. Wang, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 9749.
- 24a) Q. Wang, T. Hisatomi, Q. X. Jia, H. Tokudome, M. Zhong, C. Z. Wang, Z. H. Pan, T. Takata, M. Nakabayashi, N. Shibata, Y. B. Li, I. D. Sharp, A. Kudo, T. Yamada, K. Domen, Nat. Mater. 2016, 15, 611; b) W. W. He, H. M. Jia, X. X. Li, Y. Lei, J. Li, H. X. Zhao, L. W. Mi, L. Z. Zhang, Z. Zheng, Nanoscale 2012, 4, 3501; c) Y. Fang, D. Commandeur, W. C. Lee, Q. Chen, Nanoscale Adv. 2020, 2, 626; d) Y. Fang, X. Wang, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2017, 56, 15506.
- 25Y. Fang, X. Li, Y. Wang, C. Giordano, X. Wang, Appl. Catal., B 2020, 268, 118398.
- 26F. K. Kessler, Y. Zheng, D. Schwarz, C. Merschjann, W. Schnick, X. Wang, M. J. Bojdys, Nat. Rev. Mater. 2017, 2, 17030.
