Toward High-Dimensional Single-Cell Analysis of Graphene Oxide Biological Impact: Tracking on Immune Cells by Single-Cell Mass Cytometry
Marco Orecchioni
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorValentina Bordoni
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorClaudia Fuoco
Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorGiacomo Reina
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorHazel Lin
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorMartina Zoccheddu
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorAcelya Yilmazer
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06100 Turkey
Search for more papers by this authorBarbara Zavan
Dr. L. G. Delogu, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, 35121 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorGianni Cesareni
Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Davide Bedognetti
Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Alberto Bianco
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Lucia Gemma Delogu
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100 Italy
Dr. L. G. Delogu, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, 35121 Italy
Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, 35127 Italy
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMarco Orecchioni
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorValentina Bordoni
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorClaudia Fuoco
Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorGiacomo Reina
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorHazel Lin
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
Search for more papers by this authorMartina Zoccheddu
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorAcelya Yilmazer
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06100 Turkey
Search for more papers by this authorBarbara Zavan
Dr. L. G. Delogu, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, 35121 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorGianni Cesareni
Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133 Italy
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Davide Bedognetti
Cancer Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Alberto Bianco
CNRS, Immunology, Immunopathology and Therapeutic Chemistry, UPR 3572, University of Strasbourg, ISIS, Strasbourg, 67000 France
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Lucia Gemma Delogu
Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy University of Sassari, Sassari, 07100 Italy
Dr. L. G. Delogu, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padova, 35121 Italy
Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Padova, 35127 Italy
E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Considering the potential exposure to graphene, the most investigated nanomaterial, the assessment of the impact on human health has become an urgent need. The deep understanding of nanomaterial safety is today possible by high-throughput single-cell technologies. Single-cell mass cytometry (cytometry by time-of flight, CyTOF) shows an unparalleled ability to phenotypically and functionally profile complex cellular systems, in particular related to the immune system, as recently also proved for graphene impact. The next challenge is to track the graphene distribution at the single-cell level. Therefore, graphene oxide (GO) is functionalized with AgInS2 nanocrystals (GO–In), allowing to trace GO immune–cell interactions via the indium (115In) channel. Indium is specifically chosen to avoid overlaps with the commercial panels (>30 immune markers). As a proof of concept, the GO–In CyTOF tracking is performed at the single-cell level on blood immune subpopulations, showing the GO interaction with monocytes and B cells, therefore guiding future immune studies. The proposed approach can be applied not only to the immune safety assessment of the multitude of graphene physical and chemical parameters, but also for graphene applications in neuroscience. Moreover, this approach can be translated to other 2D emerging materials and will likely advance the understanding of their toxicology.
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Supporting Information
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