In vitro antiprotozoan activity and mechanisms of action of selected Ghanaian medicinal plants against Trypanosoma, Leishmania, and Plasmodium parasites
Corresponding Author
Mitsuko Ohashi
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Section of Environmental Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
Mitsuko Ohashi, Michael Amoa-Bosompem, Kofi Dadzie Kwofie, and Jefferey Agyapong contributed equally to this work.Correspondence
Mitsuko Ohashi, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Amoa-Bosompem
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Section of Environmental Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
Mitsuko Ohashi, Michael Amoa-Bosompem, Kofi Dadzie Kwofie, and Jefferey Agyapong contributed equally to this work.Search for more papers by this authorKofi Dadzie Kwofie
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Section of Environmental Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
Mitsuko Ohashi, Michael Amoa-Bosompem, Kofi Dadzie Kwofie, and Jefferey Agyapong contributed equally to this work.Search for more papers by this authorJefferey Agyapong
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Mitsuko Ohashi, Michael Amoa-Bosompem, Kofi Dadzie Kwofie, and Jefferey Agyapong contributed equally to this work.Search for more papers by this authorRichard Adegle
Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P.O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorMaxwell Mamfe Sakyiamah
Section of Environmental Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P.O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorFrederick Ayertey
Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P.O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorKofi Baffuor-Awuah Owusu
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorIsaac Tuffour
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorPhilip Atchoglo
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorNguyen Huu Tung
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorTakuhiro Uto
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorFrederick Aboagye
Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P.O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorAlfred Ampomah Appiah
Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P.O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorRegina Appiah-Opong
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorAlexander K. Nyarko
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorWilliam Kofi Anyan
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorIrene Ayi
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel Adjei Boakye
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorKwadwo Ansah Koram
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorDominic Edoh
Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P.O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorShoji Yamaoka
Section of Environmental Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorYukihiro Shoyama
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorNobuo Ohta
Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P.O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Mitsuko Ohashi
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Section of Environmental Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
Mitsuko Ohashi, Michael Amoa-Bosompem, Kofi Dadzie Kwofie, and Jefferey Agyapong contributed equally to this work.Correspondence
Mitsuko Ohashi, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Amoa-Bosompem
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Section of Environmental Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
Mitsuko Ohashi, Michael Amoa-Bosompem, Kofi Dadzie Kwofie, and Jefferey Agyapong contributed equally to this work.Search for more papers by this authorKofi Dadzie Kwofie
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Section of Environmental Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
Mitsuko Ohashi, Michael Amoa-Bosompem, Kofi Dadzie Kwofie, and Jefferey Agyapong contributed equally to this work.Search for more papers by this authorJefferey Agyapong
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Mitsuko Ohashi, Michael Amoa-Bosompem, Kofi Dadzie Kwofie, and Jefferey Agyapong contributed equally to this work.Search for more papers by this authorRichard Adegle
Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P.O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorMaxwell Mamfe Sakyiamah
Section of Environmental Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P.O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorFrederick Ayertey
Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P.O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorKofi Baffuor-Awuah Owusu
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorIsaac Tuffour
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorPhilip Atchoglo
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorNguyen Huu Tung
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorTakuhiro Uto
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorFrederick Aboagye
Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P.O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorAlfred Ampomah Appiah
Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P.O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorRegina Appiah-Opong
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorAlexander K. Nyarko
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorWilliam Kofi Anyan
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorIrene Ayi
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorDaniel Adjei Boakye
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorKwadwo Ansah Koram
Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorDominic Edoh
Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P.O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorShoji Yamaoka
Section of Environmental Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorYukihiro Shoyama
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki, 859-3298 Japan
Search for more papers by this authorNobuo Ohta
Centre for Plant Medicine Research, P.O. Box 73, Mampong, Akuapem, Ghana
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and malaria are protozoan infections of public health importance with thousands of new cases recorded annually. Control of these infection(s) with existing chemotherapy is limited by drug toxicity, lengthy parenteral treatment, affordability, and/or the emergence of resistant strains. Medicinal plants on the other hand are used in the treatment of various infectious diseases although their chemical properties are not fully evaluated. In this study, we screened 112 crude extracts from 72 selected Ghanaian medicinal plants for anti-Trypanosoma, anti-Leishmania, and anti-Plasmodium activities in vitro and investigated their mechanisms of action. Twenty-three extracts from 20 plants showed significant antiprotozoan activity against at least 1 of 3 protozoan parasites screened with IC50 values less than 20 μg/ml. Eleven extracts showed high anti-Trypanosoma activity with Bidens pilosa whole plant and Morinda lucida leaf extracts recording the highest activities. Their IC50 (selectivity index [SI]) values were 5.51 μg/ml (35.00) and 5.96 μg/ml (13.09), respectively. Nine extracts had high anti-Leishmania activity with Annona senegalensis and Cassia alata leaf extracts as the most active. Their IC50 (SI) values were 10.8 μg/ml (1.50) and 10.1 μg/ml (0.37), respectively. Six extracts had high anti-Plasmodium activity with the leaf and stem-bark extracts of Terminalia ivorensis recording the highest activity. Their IC50 (SI) values were 7.26 μg/ml (129.36) and 17.45 μg/ml (17.17), respectively. Only M. lucida at 25 μg/ml induced significant apoptosis-like cell death in Trypanosoma parasites. Anti-Leishmania active extracts induced varying morphological changes in Leishmania parasites such as multiple nuclei and/or kinetoplast, incomplete flagella division, or nuclear fragmentation. Active extracts may be potential sources for developing new chemotherapy against these infections.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that there is no conflict of interest.
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