A Novel Modular Device for Biological Impedance Measurements: The Differential Impedimetric Sensor Cell (DISC)
Corresponding Author
Peter Cornelis
KULeuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Soft-Matter Physics and Biophysics Section (ZMB), Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorGideon Wackers
KULeuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Soft-Matter Physics and Biophysics Section (ZMB), Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorIsabelle Thomas
University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, Amerikastr. 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMax Brand
University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, Amerikastr. 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorTristan Putzeys
KULeuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Soft-Matter Physics and Biophysics Section (ZMB), Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
KULeuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), O&N II Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorAlessia Gennaro
KULeuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Soft-Matter Physics and Biophysics Section (ZMB), Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Wübbenhorst
KULeuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Soft-Matter Physics and Biophysics Section (ZMB), Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorSven Ingebrandt
University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, Amerikastr. 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorPatrick Wagner
KULeuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Soft-Matter Physics and Biophysics Section (ZMB), Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Peter Cornelis
KULeuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Soft-Matter Physics and Biophysics Section (ZMB), Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorGideon Wackers
KULeuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Soft-Matter Physics and Biophysics Section (ZMB), Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorIsabelle Thomas
University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, Amerikastr. 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorMax Brand
University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, Amerikastr. 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorTristan Putzeys
KULeuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Soft-Matter Physics and Biophysics Section (ZMB), Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
KULeuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Experimental Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (ExpORL), O&N II Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorAlessia Gennaro
KULeuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Soft-Matter Physics and Biophysics Section (ZMB), Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorMichael Wübbenhorst
KULeuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Soft-Matter Physics and Biophysics Section (ZMB), Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorSven Ingebrandt
University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, Amerikastr. 1, 66482 Zweibrücken, Germany
Search for more papers by this authorPatrick Wagner
KULeuven, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Soft-Matter Physics and Biophysics Section (ZMB), Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
For medical diagnostics, food-safety analysis, and detection of environmental pollutants, simultaneous detection and quantification of multiple target molecules can be a great advantage. Impedimetric measurements using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), antibodies or aptamers as biomimetic sensors are becoming a well-established technique for detecting, quantifying, and analyzing various biological targets such as DNA, proteins, and small molecules. The most commonly implemented systems use non-Faradaic impedance spectroscopy. Adding a redox probe such as silver/silver chloride allows for the use of Faradaic impedance spectroscopy techniques using redox-active molecules such as ferricyanide thereby extending the range of possible applications. Furthermore, the ability to perform differential measurements allows for the use of undiluted patient samples which significantly simplifies sample preparation. Therefore, adapting this low-cost technique to simultaneously perform differential measurements on multiple targets and making it easy to use has great potential in a wide range of applications. In this work, a system that meets these requirements is successfully designed and fabricated. Up to eight different targets can be quasi-simultaneously analyzed. Furthermore, the system is validated against a high-resolution dielectric spectrometer (Novocontrol, Alpha analyzer) using well-characterized samples at different temperatures over the whole frequency range (10 Hz–100 kHz).
Conflict of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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